34 ANNUAL REPORT. 
cultivated lived. More cultivated than uncultivated trees were 
killed that winter. 
Mr. Brimhall. My uncultivated Duchess of Oldenburg were 
more injured than the cultivated ones, but the cultivated trees 
give larger fruit. . 
Mr. Jordon. There is evidence in Mr. Brimhall’s paper that 
fruit can be grown with profit. Iam satisfied of this. 
The mass of the people in Illinois do not possess orchards. 
Fifteen years ago I planted an orchard in Illinois. Last year I 
visited the place and not a tree was living. They had not been 
cultivated. One man there has yet an orchard, and he cultivates 
it. My Duchess of Oldenburg found a ready market at $1.50 a 
bushel, while the smaller apples at half this price were left on my 
hands. The Duchess and Wealthy are the hardiest varieties. 
We want to cultivate our trees. Plant deep to avoid root-killing. 
Distance--Apples at a Profit. 
Mr. Dart. Think 24 feet apart is too much. I plant mine 16 
feet apart—20 at the outside—and consider that enough. Our 
trees will be short-lived, and we must be constantly replanting. 
In Wisconsin orchards tumble down when about 25 years old. 
Apples are grown at a profit in many instances. Have raised the 
Tetofsky at a profit. Don’t believe it requires a professional 
pomologist to grow fruit. There are a few essential points, and 
if they are complied with success isinsured. A high, dry location 
with a free circulation of air, cultivation and preparation for the 
winter, and hardy varieties, are essentials. 
Mr. Fuller. Think I have as barren a location as any one in 
the State. A light, sandy, gravelly, subsoil, a very light sandy 
loam. Am satisfied with my fruit-growing. Have several Duchess 
and a few Tetofskies. Took great pains with them. Manure 
heavily and plant very many evergreens between my fruit trees. 
Success depends more upon care in cultivation than upon anything 
else. For small fruits my soil is better. Currants bear well; I 
never saw finer bushes, and found no difficulty in disposing of 
them at $3 a bushel. 
Mr. Eldridge. My soil is a very strong, stiff clay, and faces 
east. Portions of it are so steep that I had to sow it with timothy. 
Set out some trees that I had bought in E. St. Paul in °68. From 
six Hass I gathered nine bushels. These were killed in winter of 
72-3. Planted seven Duchess at the same time and some Plumb’s 
Cider also. Planted these 12 feet apart, and now they cover the 
