STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 55 
Besides, but one variety in ten is adapted to the place. Hardy 
varieties succeed the first time, if put in good soil. It is not the 
high ground on a northeast slope that is the best for an orchard. 
It is level rolling ground. The easiest way to prepare this rolling 
ground is to plant the trees on the surface in ridges, making a 
little hill around the tree. Under such conditions I think the 
chances are very good. 
Mr. Jordon. I have about 6,000 crabs top-worked with 
apples. And it is a rule in my experience that the fast grafted on 
the slow growing is successful; failures are exceptional. Every 
slow kind on the fast is gone or is going. I take pride in my 
orchard, and think it will stand comparison with any orchard in 
the State, and all of my trees are planted on new land. I have 
trees doing well on land never grubbed or plowed; it was too 
stony for such work. 
Mr. Harris. ixperience shows that if we break up prairie soil 
and plant trees in it, the trees do very well at first, but the first 
hard winter kills them. In new soil I would want rocks. We 
know certain varieties will never succeed here. We must have a 
pomology of our own. 
Mr. Elliot. One exposure of orchards is left out of considera- 
tion—the exposure to thieves. 
Mr. Storrs. How would Mr. Dart explain the fact that we can 
raise certain varieties on our old soil that we couldn’t raise when 
it was new? We can now raise fruit on some cultivated land 
that we couldn’t raise ten years ago. After more clay has been 
worked up into the soil, the condemned varieties grow. 
My. Jordon. Why can’t you raise the same wheat you could 
ten years ago? (Some remarks were interchanged on the wheat 
question, and the Secretary thought Mr. Storrs had answered his 
own question.) 
Mr. Storrs. I wanted to have the question answer Mr. Dart’s 
theory. é 
Mr. Dart. Men often don’t get the true variety, and they are 
in a new country and do not know its requirements. Possibly 
some years the gentleman got wrong varieties, but now, after 
having had experience, he can tell the true from the false. 
Mr. Gould. I think the question is getting mixed. Think 
next spring will decide the question of new and old soil. There 
has been nothing to hinder our trees since °73. But next spring 
they will look pretty sick. We have had 40°. The Duchess and 
Tetofsky will not bear neglect. If planted on new ground and 
well taken care of, they will succeed in a timber clay soil. 
