242 Transactions of the eS Ee 
or Venus’ Flower Basket, and the notorious and frequently in- 
verted Hyalonema, or Glass-Rope sponge or coral, taken during 
my recent dredging expedition off the coasts of Spain and Portugal 
in company with Mr. Marshall-Hall and Mr. Edward Fielding, in 
the former gentleman’s yacht, the ‘ Norna.’ 
In the first place, however, I feel myself called upon to acknow- 
ledge here my indebtedness to the Council of the Royal Society 
for their kindness in awarding me a grant of 50/. wherewith to 
defray the cost of the necessary dredging and collecting apparatus, 
and on which it may be said in great measure the success of the 
expedition depended. ‘The results accomplished will, I trust, con- 
vince the Council of the Royal Society that their confidence has not 
been misplaced. 
Four of the species, belonging to the interesting group just 
Puate LXIV. 
Fic. 1.—Askonema Setubalense, 3, natural size. 
2.—Interlacing fascicles of simple attenuate spicula of which the skeleton is 
composed x 25 lincar. 
3.—A portion of one of these simple attenuate spicula x 100 linear. 
4.—A variety of the same having a central inflation. 
5.—Another variety, in which the two extremities are slightly clavate and 
echinate. 
6.—One of the larger hexradiate stellate spicula, showing at a how the ter- 
minations are occasionally spined, x 100 linear. 
7 and 8.—Two of the smaller hexradiate stellate spicula, having their ter- 
minations profusely spined, x 100 linear. 
9.—One of the multiradiate spicula of the sarcode x 200 linear; at a one of 
terminations of the radii still further enlarged. 
10.—A fragmentary form discovered among the other spicula, but of uncer- 
tain origin, x 100 linear. 
11.—An ideal restoration of the same. 
12.—The basal skeleton of Farrea occa, in a perfect condition, natural size. 
13.—The meshwork forming the basal skeleton, viewed from above, x 40 
linear. 
14.—The same viewed obliquely. 
15.—A fureate spiculated biternate interstitial spiculum (Bowb.), from F. occa, 
x 50 linear. 
16.—A spiculated biternate variety x 40 linear. 
17.—A small attenuato-stellate spiculum x 300 linear. Figs. 15, 16, and 17, 
are copied from Dr, Bowerbank’s “ Monograph of the Siliceo-fibrous 
Sponges,” ‘ Proc. Zool. Soc.,’ 1869. 
18.—Aulodictyon Woodwardi, natural size, attached to a piece of Lophohelia 
prolifera. 
19.—-A fae of the reticulated meshwork of the skeleton x 50 linear. 
20.—A portion of the accessory network composed of coalescing and attenuate 
hexradiate spicula x 100 linear. 
21.—One of the attenuate “tension” spicula, having one of the extremities 
inflated and recurvato-pellate and dentate, x 200 linear. 
22.—Portion of a variety of the same type, having the pellate expansion re- 
placed by recurved uncini. 
23.—A free attenuate hexradiate spiculum, with one extremity slightly 
inflated, x 100 linear. 
24.—One of the minute ‘ spinulo-quadrifurcate hexradiate stellate” spicula 
of the sareode x 200 linear. 
25.—A termination of a radius of the same, still further enlarged. 
Puate LXV. 
