290 ANNUAL REPORT. 



pyralid, Pantagnipha Umitata Grote. As I have never seen the 

 moth I cannot describe its appearance, but the stage in which it 

 commits its depredations on our shade trees is the one in which 

 we are most interested and of that I have already given an ac- 

 count. There are probably two broods in a season, the second 

 of which winters over in the rolled leaves, and, should the insect 

 ever become statedly troublesome, the best way of reducing its 

 numbers would be to rake up and burn the fallen leaves of in- 

 fested trees late in the fall. 



Among the various leaf folders and small web worms that 

 infest the apple tree, one called the apple leaf sewer {Phoxopteris 

 7iubeculana, Clem.) has no doubt already attracted the attention 

 of our orchardists. The larva of this species is a small roughened 

 caterpillar half an inch long and about a tenth of an inch in 

 diameter, of a dull green color, with a pale brown head and 

 collar and the surface sprinkled with brown horny dots from 

 each of which arises a pale, shining hair. This larva folds the 

 leaf lengthwise with the upper surface inside and feeds upon the 

 green tissue principally near the outer edges. It makes its ap- 

 pearance in July, and when full grown lines the inside of its 

 case with silk and becomes dormant. The folded leaves fall to 

 the ground in due season, but the little caterpillars within them 

 come to no harm, and when spring returns they change to slen- 

 der, brown chrysalides, from which the moths issue in May and 

 June — the chrysalis having previously forced itself through 

 and partly out of the case. 



The moth is a handsome Tortrix measuring nearly an inch 

 across the extended wings, which are of a milk white color, 

 beautifully ornamented with pale and dark brown spots and 

 shadings. There seems to be but one distinct brood of this 

 species in a season; but it is so irregular in its development, the 

 moths coming out a few at a time and not laying their eggs all 

 at once, that one may find larvse of all sizes and leaves freshly 

 folded as well as others dry and skeletonized, from July to Sep- 

 tember. 



In some orchards in Northern Illinois and Wisconsin last year 

 almost every third leaf was folded, to the great disfigurement of 

 the trees. This species, like the Basswood leaf rollers, may be 

 kept in check by gathering and burning the leaves before the 

 snow falls. 



There is but little new to report concerning the common or- 

 chard pests, such as the canker worm, the tent caterpillars, the 



