310 ANNUAL REPORT. 



I think nursery trees of any but the very hardiest varieties may 

 be unsafe to transphint, for while they do not show sufficient injury 

 to prevent their growth if not transplanted, the check from 

 transplanting, in addition to the injury by the winter, might be 

 fatal to them. 



I am sure that from the trial now making with new apples, we 

 shall soon have varieties suited to all seasons adapted to Wis- 

 consin and Minnesota, that will make apple growing in these 

 states as certain and profitable as in any portion of the country. 



On the whole, these test winters, as they must come, are not 

 wholly pregnant with evil for the fruit interest of the Northwest. 

 Each one should stimulate to new exertion, and carry us forward 

 to what I am confident we shall ultimately attain — complete 

 success. 



FROM EMIL J. CLAUSSEN. 



Bismarck, D. T., March 28, 1885. 

 My trees are all Russians from Prof. Budd, two to three years 

 old. This is their first winter up here. Being my first ex])eri- 

 ence with fruit trees, I cannot give definite information, but 

 there is apparently very little damage to Russian varieties. Soil 

 clay loam, east slope ; cornstalks left standing among trees ; also 

 a small mound of earth. Will report further next winter and try 

 to be at your annual meeting. 



Mr. Claussen sends the following additional report. 



Bismarck, D. T., April 20, 1885. 

 As a further report on Russian apple trees, I would say: The 

 Antonooka seems to have stood the winter test the best of any 

 one variety. The Longfield I am inclined to think will be first- 

 class when we get it grafted on an extra early maturing stock ; 

 some of its shoots did not form terminal buds. The summer 

 behavior of all seems perfect, although planted after most of 

 them had started. The Russian White Poplar of the several 

 varieties I have, seems perfectly adapted to this climate and 

 longitude, where the cottonwood is a failure on the bench lands. 



