STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 207 



susceptible to injury by it thau the vigorous plant; but in the absence 

 of the fungus there is no disease. 



Mr. Earle believes tliat the damage to southern plantations is greater 

 than in more northern regions. (The structure of these fungi was here 

 explained from the chart.) 



The fungus grows within the strawberry leaf and sends out threads 

 through the breathing pores on the under surface. The threads bear 

 the germs or spores. 



Whether the germs can live over winter or not is still a question. 

 If not the fungus must be carried over winter in some other way. 

 There is another form of this fungus that lives over winter. Many 

 fungi have two forms; one that develops in the summer and will not 

 live over winter; another form lives till spring. In the wheat rust 

 these are known as the yellow and black rust. The yellow Avill 

 live but a short time, while the spores of the black rust will 

 live over winter. In Europe there is a form of the strawberry fungus 

 not found in this country, that lives over winter. 



In this country, minute but dense masses of fungus tissue are found 

 which live over winter and send out spores, bearing threads in the 

 spring, just like those that make white spots in the summer. Within 

 these dense masses Mr. Earle has found indications of the formation 

 of spores after the manner of those found in Europe. You may know 

 better than I do of some varieties of strawberries being affected by 

 this fungus disease, while some varieties are entirely free from it. 

 You may perhaps have found some specially efficatious remedy. Mr. 

 Earle has found that dusting the vines with lime before the maturity, 

 of the fruit helps a good deal. Then, after fruiting, another way is to 

 mow the old leaves down — ^just go over the vines with a scythe and 

 mow down the leaves of the plants. These leaves that are cut off 

 ought to be destroyed in order to prevent the spores living over winter. 

 But if the bed is very badly diseased it may as well be plowed up. Mr. 

 Earle has obtained good results by mulching with straw. 



The Black Hust (Gloeospor hem jMtentiUew) begins v/ith. red spots as 

 the White Rust dees, but it soon develops a different appearance. It 

 is most injurious to young plants and has destroyed some newly planted 

 fields. It attacks Manchester badly. 



A Member. I would like to ask the Professer if he can tell us any- 

 thing about the leaf-roller. 



Prof. Seymour. That is an insect. I have paid very little attention 

 to the subject of insects and I will have to refer you to some one who 



