330 ANNUAL REPORT. 



Mr. Cutler. About what growth does the White Cedar make ? 



Mr. Schreiber. It makes a very good growth. 



Mr. Busse. Do you raise any raspberries up there ? 



Mr. Schreiber. Yes, mostly the blackcaps. I could not tell which 

 varieties do the best, the red or the black. They lay the canes down 

 and some cover with corn-stalks ; others cover with earth. As a rule 

 all fruits do better in the timber than on the prairie. Where corn- 

 stalks are used for protection on the prairie there is this objection 

 that the snow drifts, and in the spring when it melts there is too 

 much water on the surface; consequently we suffer more from the 

 water in the spring than from the cold in the winter. In the spring 

 the nights are generally cold and the snow which melts in the day 

 time causes the water to accumulate and it remains for some time on 

 the level prairie, doing much harm to trees and plants. 



Mr. Busse. What is the soil up there, generally ? 



Mr. Schreiber. A stiff clay. 



Col. Stevens. It is a black, deep, rich muck, with a hard, clay sub- 

 soil ; probably the richest soil this side of the West Indies. 



Mr. Kellogg. How are you succeeding with the hard maple ? 



Mr. Schreiber. One of my neighbors, Mr. Brendermuhle, is growing 

 it successfully. The trees are quite young. We are also growing the 

 White Ash. 



Col, Stevens. I would state that many years ago where the village 

 of Casselton now stands, in Cass county, Dakota, on what was then 

 called "Groose Creek," I planted out a good many bushels of acorns 

 and a great many seeds of different kinds of trees. And to my certain 

 knowledge the trees did well there. I did not personally attend to 

 them but Mr. Elliot's gardener attended to them for me. Among the 

 kinds of trees that succeed well in that neighborhood were the box- 

 elder, elm and cottonwood. Of the latter there are some trees there 

 now which I am told are as large around as a man's body, but of 

 course they were planted a long while ago. 



Mr. Schreiber. I would state here that I think we should not get 

 our trees too far south as our northern grown trees succeed best. I 

 got a car load of white willows from Illinois eight years ago and 

 planted them on the open prairie there, and I find that they do not 

 thrive, whereas the same variety planted from stock received farther 

 north has proved to be a rapid 'grower. 



