1894 THE MICROSCOPE. 119 



the same forms of bacillariacese in them. We have three 

 deposits of peat; the forms of bacillariacesB are imme-. 

 diately between the two, i. e., iceberg period and kettle 

 holes, but mostly resembling the first. 



From this I gather that the whole country was cov- 

 ered by a fresh water sea formed by the melting of the 

 ice after the icebergs were gone, and the water was cold. 

 This sea came down from the northeast and threw down 

 the clay which contains the bacillariacesB, sponges and 

 rhizopoda. Some of these are living now, as at Plain- 

 field, and their decendants are the living forms that now 

 people the brooks, lakes and rivers. And the bacillar- 

 iacesB, sponges and rhizopoda now are the decendants of 

 those that lived in the iceberg period. As the water dis- 

 appeared it left the rivers, the Rahway, Elizabeth, First, 

 Second and Third and their tributaries, all opening into 

 the Passaic river. There were on right bank the Saddle 

 river, and above the Rockaway river on the left bank. 

 I have not thoroughly investigated the Saddle, but think 

 it was formed later than the iceberg period. The Rock- 

 away river was formed in the iceberg period. The 

 Passaic river was formed when the drainage of Lake 

 Passaic, a pre-glacial lake, which in its turn was formed 

 by the ice banking up above Patterson, and below by 

 the mountains of the Watchung, and west the Grranite 

 mountains, which form the shores of the lake. This 

 lake when the ice melted broke through the Watchung 

 mountains at Patterson and formed the Grreat Falls 

 there. The waters which formed it were extended to 

 cover the Great swamp. Black meadows, Troy meadows, 

 Grreat Peice meadows, and Bog and Fly meadows, and, 

 lastly, Hatfield swamp, which was the last and lowest to 

 form. In the clay of the Hatfield swamp are fresh wa- 

 ter and some new marine forms of bacillariacese which 

 lived then and are now living as shown by the water 

 supply of Patterson containing them. 



