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had also discovered many new forms of marine life, among 
which are numerous new Brachypods, Crinoids and Corals. 
A number of species dredged up by Count Pourtales are 
identical with those found by Sars, Carpenter and Thompson, 
on the European coast, showing a remarkable uniformity 
in the Atlantic deep-sea fauna. 
Referring to the discoveries made by Dr. Carpenter, Prof 
Thompson &c, in Europe, Dr. Newberry said, that the 
conclusion drawn from those discoveries that they overturned 
geological classification, was simply absurd. These explora- 
tions in the depths of the ocean had proved only this: that 
there had been less change in the fauna of the depths of the 
ocean, than in that of the shores, and that a few forms 
characteristic of the fauna of the Cretaceous and tertiary 
peridds continued to exist there, while they had disappeared 
in shallower water, but these were the most insignificant 
possible fragments of great life-groups, that had almost 
entirely passed away. The finding of a Crinoid or Forameni- 
fer of the Chalk living in the ocean depths, did not recall the 
race of the great reptiles, winged, swimming and walking ; 
the huge ammonites and the other infinitely-varied forms of 
the Cephalopoda, which characterize that period. So with 
all the other geological ages. They were chapters in the 
life-history of the globe which were distinct and well-defined, 
holding each its relative place. Human history may repeat 
itself, but geological history never can. 
