175 
Mr. G. K. GiBerT presented some facts in regard to the 
Surface Geology of the Maumee Valley, brought to light by his 
observations while connected with the Geological Survey of 
Ohio. 
I. As there are yet a few scientific men to whom the 
scoring of the rocks is not proof of the local action of 
glaciers, and as they have more than once adduced the ab- 
sence of linear moraines in the western drift, as favoring the 
theory which ascribes all the phenomena south of the lakes 
to iceberg agency, the presentation of some facts which have 
led me to to believe that true terminal moraines exist in the 
valley of the Maumee river, may not be without interest. 
The Maumee occupies the axis of a broad valley of easy 
slopes, continuous eastward with the trough of Lake Erie, 
and westward with the Wabash valley. ‘To the northwest 
it is limited by a divide four or five hundred feet above its 
median line, and to the south by a flat divide even lower. 
North of the Maumee the general slope is toward the south- 
east, and all the small streams flow in that direction. But 
the St. Joseph river runs to the southwest, and through its 
whole course skirts the slope. The country on its northwest 
or right bank, drains into it, and that on its left, away from 
it. The reason of this is that a ridge runs along its left 
bank, and restrains it from taking what would otherwise be 
its natural course. This ridge is six or eight miles broad 
at base, does not average over fifty feet in height, and pre- 
sents no superficial peculiarities, by which it can be distin- 
guished from the adjoining country. Everywhere is seen the 
rolling surface of the undisturbed Erie clay, a drift deposit 
now admitted by all geologists to have been thrown down 
by a sea floating icebergs. In this vicinity its average thick- 
ness is not less than one hundred feet, and, as it is a deposit 
from quiet water, we may safely suppose it evenly spread, 
and aver that the low ridge upon its surface, is but the 
superficial indication of a more abrupt ridge that underlies 
it. 
The St. Mary’s river, which for a distance flows west, and 
then sweeps with a broad curve to the north, and unites with 
