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lighting both establishments. It has been used in the factory 
for five years. 
3d. Well sunk by Senator Lowrey, for gas, in Oct., 1870, 
520 feet deep, passing through 50 feet of sandrock, then 
through gray shale and flag-stones, terminating in a dark 
shale. The gasis used for all household purposes, for cooking, 
heating and lighting. When used in ordinary stoves, the 
stove is partially filled with furnace cinder or broken brick. 
In open fires, it is burned in clay boxes made to represent 
wood, 
4th. Conrad’s Brewery, sunk in March, 1871, 600 feet deep. 
No oil was obtained, but salt water and an abundant supply 
of gas. This gas supplies all household purposes, and heats 
malt chambers, brew-kettle and steam boiler. 
At Conneaut and Painesville, Ohio, wells have been bored 
for gas with entire success, and others are being bored in 
these localities, and at many points further West. 
QUALITY OF THE GAS. 
The illuminating power of the gas flowing from the West 
Bloomfield well, that from Fredonia and several of the Erie 
wells, has been measured and found to be about one half 
that of the gas used in most of our cities, or equal to seven 
to eight candles. It usually has the odor of petroleum, and 
contains a small percentage of condensable petroleum vapor. 
It is heavier than common street gas, contains carbonic 
acid and probably carbonic oxide. Its heating power is 
greater than that of common gas. Its illuminating power is 
increased by passing it through a purifier, and removing the 
carbonic acid. All who use it speak of it in terms of high 
praise, as being extremely convenient for heating and lighting, 
and without objectionable qualities. When delivered from 
the well directly to the burners, if not consumed, the 
pressure accumulates so as sometimes to burst the pipes. A 
pressure of fifty pounds to the square inch, has been noticed 
in some of the Erie wells. A steam gauge applied to one of 
Mr. Neff’s wells, in Knox Co., Ohio, ran rapidly up to 180 
pounds, the highest pressure it would indicate. It is certain 
PROC. LYC. NAT. HIST., N. Y.—VOL. I. , 18 
