6 
FLORA. 
I have seen one species resembling a Carpolithes, of oval 
shape, three quarters of an inch long by half an inch wide. 
Two other species of fossil fruits have been observed, one 
oblong, and of the size of a common Madeira nut, the other 
smaller and more rounded. These are often encrusted with 
a thin coating of peroxide of iron, and may readily be over- 
looked, as mere concretions. Their markings, also, are fre- 
quently obscured by thin layers of sediment. They are not 
rare, however, as slabs are often covered with them. 
I have noticed one species of Psilophyton. Fragments of 
this plant often appear as bits of carbonaceous matter cover- 
ing the under surface of slabs. These carbonized surfaces 
have led the hopeful sons of speculation to engage in the 
hopeless task of searching in these rocks for coal. 
Fucoids are quite common. ‘To this group I refer those 
flags which have bulging elevations, with fragments of leaves 
appearing through the worn surface, as if a tuft of bunch 
grass had been covered with sand, its leaves pressed down, 
and the whole then petrified. 
Impressions of a plant with triangular, ensiform, reed-like 
leaves are often seen on slabs in Williamsburg. They sel- 
dom appear singly, but usually in groups, lying more or less 
parallel to one another. I have never seen the upper slab, 
only the lower. These show one angular edge of the leaf, in 
the bottom of the cast. The impressions are generally ten to 
twelve inches long, smooth, triangular, dagger-shaped, 
coming to a point at both ends, usually straight, or slightly 
curved. 
A slab at the corner of Division Avenue and Second St.; 
Brooklyn, E. D., has six of these plants, of large size; two 
of them are fifteen inches long; one that is a foot in length, 
is, in the widest portion, half an inch broad and a quarter of 
an inch deep. Another slab, on the same avenue, at the 
crossing of Third St., has sixteen casts in two groups. 
FAUNA. 
Crinoids. A large crinoid resembling Curyocrinus—the 
size of a black-walnut—is sometimes seen. A slab in one of 
the streets of New York, which I vainly endeavored to pur- 
chase for the State Cabinet, was quite filled with this species, 
well preserved, showing ornamental markings, plates, and 
portions of the stems. . 
Plates, arms, and parts of columns of other species, are 
often seen dissociated. In one instance, a slab three feet by 
