96 
Pror. T. EGLEsTon said that, in his judgment, the reason 
why America cannot compete with Europe in the manufac- 
ture of Bessemer steel, is the absence of iron ores containing 
- manganese, a metal abundant in some of the most highly- 
prized ores of Germany and Sweden. ‘The great success 
which attends the use of these ores in steel production, is 
usually attributed to their great purity. His own observations 
abroad, however, had shown him that it is due less to this 
cause, than to the presence of manganese. If we can discover 
manganiferous iron ores in this country, the obstacles can 
probably be surpassed much more readily than is supposed. 
THE PRESIDENT remarked that in East Tennessee, ores are 
to be found which contain manganese and are free from phos- 
phorus; and that on Lake Superior a black manganiferous 
ore, with but little phosphorus, would yield a good spiegel- 
eisen: these two localities might furnish ore suitable for the 
Bessemer steel manufacture. Most of our manganiferous iron 
ores have too much phosphorus to allow of their advanta- 
geous use; but these two are exceptions. The Lake Superior 
deposit has as yet scarcely been described or noticed. 
Pror. T. Srerry Hunt, of Boston, stated that in the 
hands of Mr. Blair, of Pittsburg, the phosphatic iron ore of 
the Moriah bed, in the Adirondack region (magnetite with 
apatite), has lately been successfully worked, by first obtain- 
ing from it a spongy iron, with the phosphate of lime dis- 
tributed through it in grains, and then throwing this into a 
furnace of molten iron, which takes hold of the spongy iron, 
while the phosphate floats and is drawn off unaltered, without 
interfering with the subsequent process. 
Dr. Hunt also spoke of having examined, during the pre- 
vious summer, the iron deposits of North Carolina, which 
had been described in Mr. Newton’s paper, and corroborated 
the account of the great purity of the Cranberry ore. 
The subject was further discussed by Dr. Feuchtwanger, 
Prof. Seeley, and Mr. Newton. 
