NO. 4.] THE SLEDGE-JOURNEY AND FRANZ JOSEF LAND. 37 



Black (Spitsbergen) guillemots were subsequently seen now and then, mostly 

 singly, in June, July, and the beginning of August, 1895, on the ice north of 

 Hvidtenland, and on the north-east side of Franz Josef Land. Along the 

 coasts of the latter they were very common, and small colonies of them 

 were seen breeding along with much more numerous colonies of little auks, 

 on Torup Island, at Cape Felder, Cape Helland, Cape Hugh Mill, on the cliffs 

 east and west of the winter hut (Cape Norway), on the small island Steinen, 

 west of the winter hut, etc. ^ 



The dovekie, or black guillemot, was seen as late as towards the end of 

 September, 1895, at the winter hut. 



After the winter, a couple of (7. mandti were observed as early as 

 March 10th (1896). These birds (as also the little auks) could scarcely have 

 passed the winter at any great distance to the south. They were then al- 

 ready in summer plumage. 



They afterwards appeared frequently at the winter hut, as a rule in 

 company with little auks, one or more of them generally accompanying 

 each large flock of those birds, when they flew to or from the sea; but they 

 were never numerous. Tiiey could be seen inhabiting the cliffs above the 

 winter hut along with little auks, the latter, however, where they were 

 found together, being always much the more numerous. 



During the sledge-journey southwards, the dovekie was found inhabiting 

 the cliffs at Cape M'Clintock, together with numbers of little auks, on May 

 23rd, 1886. It was too early to find eggs. There also seemed to be colonies 

 of them at Cape Richthofen. 



At Cape Flora, C. mandti was comparatively numerous. Some speci- 

 mens were seen on the voyage out through the ice to the south of Franz 

 Josef Land, on August 8th, 1896. 



TJria lomvia, (Pall.) 1811. 



During the whole sledge-journey in 1895, only three specimens of this 

 species were seen. On June 18th, (1895), one was shot (together with a 



* According to Payer's description, tiie black gnillemot also breeds on Crown Prince 

 Rudolf Land — Cape Auk — wbere he saw it in April, 1874. (Payer, 'Oesterreich-Unga- 

 rische Nordpol-Expedition 1872-1874", p. 325. Vienna, 1876). Nansen thinks there are 

 colonies of them at several places on this island, e. g. at Cape Brorok. 



