172 ASIATIC TRIBES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
Although I must apologize for the scantiness of my materials, I 
feel that I am in a position to indicate the origin of three important 
Indian families, with which the Algonquins have long been in con- 
tact ; these are the Tinneh or Athabascans, the Iroquois, and the 
Choctaws. The first named are the neighbours of the Algonquins 
on the north, but appear also as an intrusive people as far south as 
Mexico. The Iroquois are scattered among the Algonquins ; and 
the Choctaws and Cherokees, who are simply disguised Iroquois, 
were originally situated to the south of the Algonquin area. The 
Tinneh family I associate with the Tungusians of Siberia and 
Northern China ; and the Iroquois and Choctaws, with the popula- 
tions of north-eastern Asia, classed by Dr. Latham as Peninsular 
Mongolidae. It is to these immigrants that we owe the peculiar 
features of American Indian life. 
The Tinneh are the Chipweyans of Mackenzie, Carver and the 
older travellers, the Athabascans of many writers, the Montagnais. 
of Father Petitot and others who have copied his statements. In 
the number of their tribes they exceed those even of the large Al- 
gonquin family, and they occupy a similarly extensive area, but one 
upon which civilization has little encroached. Among the more im- 
portant tribes may be mentioned the Chipweyans or Athabascans 
proper, the Coppermines, Beavers, Dogribs, Tacullies, Tlatskanai, 
Koltshane, Atnah or Nehanni, Sursees, Nagailer, Tenan-Kutchin, 
Kutcha-Kutchin, Yukon or Ko-Yukon, Digothe or Loucheux, 
Sicanni, Unakhotana, Kenai or Tehanin-Kutchin, Inkulit, Ugalenzes, 
Umpquas, Hoopas, Wilacki, Tolewah, Apaches, Navajos, Mescaleros, 
Pinalenos, Xicarillas. In reference to their habitat I cannot do 
better or more briefly than by quoting the words of Mr. W. H. 
Dall in his “ Report on the distribution and nomenclature of the Na- 
tive Tribes of Alaska and the Adjacent Territory.” This great family 
includes a large number of American tribes, éxtending from near the 
mouth of the Mackenzie south to the borders of Mexico. The Apaches 
and Navajos belong toit,and the family seems to intersect the continent 
of North America in a northerly and southerly direction, principally 
along the flanks of the Rocky Mountains. The northern ‘tribes of 
this stock extend nearly to the delta of the Yukon, and reach the 
sea-coast at Cook’s Inlet and the mouth of the Copper River. East- 
ward they extend to the divide between the watershed of Hudson’s 
Bay and that of Athabasca and the Mackenzie River. The designa- 
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