218 AN ANCIENT HAUNT OF THE CERVUS MEGACEROS ; 
Islands with the continent already worn away, or had man already 
crossed over from England to Ireland? They knew that man had 
existed in England probably before England was separated from the 
continent.” 
But, whatever be the final determination on this interesting ques- 
tion of the co-existence of Man and the Cervus megaceros in Ireland, 
the bones of the latter are recovered there in enormous quantities, 
not infrequently in a condition admitting of their being even 
now turned to account for economic uses; and examples have un- 
doubtedly been found there bearing unmistakeable evidence of human 
workmanship. One of the most interesting of these was an imperfect 
Trish lyre dug up in the moat of Desmond Castle, Adare, and ex- 
hibited by the Earl of Dunraven, at a meeting of the Archeological 
Institute in 1864. The relic was of value as a rare example of the 
most primitive form of the national musical instrument,; but greater 
interest was conferred on it by the opinion pronounced by Professor 
Owen that it was fashioned from the bone of the Irish Elk. 
In weighing such evidence it is manifestly important to keep 
prominently in view the fact already referred to, that the bones 
and horns of the fossil deer are recovered in a condition not less fit 
for working by the modern turner and carver than the mammoth 
ivory or the bog oak, which are now in constant use by them. 
In the Goat Hole Cavern at Paviland, Glamorganshire, Dr. Buckland 
noted the discovery of large rings or armlets and other personal 
ornaments made of fossil ivory, lying alongside of a human female 
skeleton, and in near proximity to the skull of a fossil elephant. The 
tusk of another fossil elephant, recovered at a depth of twenty feet 
in the boulder clay of the Carse of Sterling, is now preserved in 
the Edinburgh University Museum, in the mutilated condition in 
which it was rescued from the lathe of an ivory turner. This, so far 
as Scotland is concerned, is an exceptional example of the manufac- 
ture of fossil ivory, but we are very familiar with the fact that the 
tusks of the Siberian mammoth have long been an article of commerce. 
In a paper “On the Crannoges of Lough Rea,” by Mr. G. H. 
Kinohan, of the Geological Survey, read before the Royal Irish Aca- 
demy in 1863, he describes a fine head of the Cervus megaceros found, 
along with abundant evidences of human art, in a large crannoge on 
Lough Rea. It measured thirteen feet from tip to tip of its horns ; 
but Mr. Jukes suggested the probable solution of its discovery under 
