REMARKABLE MEMORIAL HORN, 259 
about 2,600 men. He traversed the Cherokee country, and subdued 
that people in a hard fought battle near the same place where Col. 
Montgomery was attacked the year before. It lasted about three 
hours, in which about 60 whites were killed and wounded. The 
loss of the Indians was unknown. Colonel Grant ordered his dead 
to be sunk in the river, that the Indians might not find them to 
practice upon them their barbarities. He then proceeded to the 
destruction of their towns, 15 in number, which he accomplished 
without molestation. Peace was at last effected by the mediation of 
Attakullakulla.” 
After this date, 1762, itis said: “ Afiairs looked peaceable and 
prosperous for some years.” The natives made over a large addi- 
tional tract of land to the growing colony of Georgia. The date, 
1765, does not appear. But in 1767, there was temporary trouble, 
settled by Governor Wright at Savannah. The Creeks occasioned 
this trouble, having seized, or stolen, as it was said, some horses 
found on their territory belonging to the whites. 
It thus appears that, at the date of the Congress named on the 
curious memorial horn, which perpetuates its graven record of the 
incidents of a conference with the Creek nation on the 17th Novem- 
ber, 1765, the Creeks and other nations of the great Muscogee con- 
federacy were being stirred up to war against the English, chiefly 
through the machinations of their French rivals. In 1761, Colonel 
James Grant was appointed by General Amherst, the Commander- 
in-Chief, to conduct the military operations in Carolina against the 
belligerent Indians; and to him, it may be assumed, was thereafter 
entrusted the civil, as well as the military, conduct of affairs in the 
extensive southern region occupied by the Indian nations of the 
Muscogee confederacy. The southern Indians were old enemies of 
the Iroquois, the staunch allies of the English against the French 
on the St. Lawrence ; and were the more easily stirred up to attack 
the English ‘settlers in Virginia and the Carolinas. But James 
Adair—a trader long resident among the southern Indians—in a 
“History of the American Indians,” published by him in 1775, 
ascribes their inveterate hostility to the English to their crediting to 
the machinations of the latter the introduction of the small-pox. 
When South Carolina was first settled, he says: ‘The Catawbas 
were a numerous and warlike people, mustering about 1,500 warriors, 
but small-pox and the use of ardent spirits reduced them to less than 
19 
