290 SOME LAWS OF PHONETIC CHANGE 
Basque substantive so called, erio, heriotce, aud the Iroquois adjec- 
tive kenha. But kenha is the same word as heriotce, for, while the 
Lesghian tribes, Tshar and Kabutsh, render it by chana like the 
Iroquois, the other Lesghian tribes, Dido and Unso, agree with the 
Basques in calling it haratz, The Dacotah sides with the Basque in 
karrasha, and the Peruvian Aymara with the Iroquois in hinata. 
A road or street in Basque is kharrika, but in Iroquois chanheyens. 
The Dacotah, which the late Lewis Morgan proved to be of the same 
stock as the Iroquois, furnishes the more appropriate form hkanga, 
while the Lesghian reconciles the Basque and it by its duplicate 
renderings chuldu and chuni. The Corean rejects the termination 
which appears in kharrika and chuldu and calls a road hiv. 
The Koriak ennen, innaen, a fish is the Basque arran, arrain, and 
the same with the prefix of a guttural is the Iroquois kunjoon. So 
the Iroquois enia a finger is the Basque erhia, and the Basque oscola, 
the bark of a tree, is the Iroquois askoonta. Again, the Quichua 
rejects the initial vowel and calls bark kara. The t of askoonta 
which is not found in oscola is probably a euphonic addition merely, 
since it frequently appears, as in ourata, a leaf, the Basque orri, in 
ashucht, a hand, the Basque escua, and Dacotah sake, and in kihade, 
a river, the Kamtchatdale Atha. 
II.—TuHE IRvQuols REPLACES THE BasQquE m By an, en, on; AND THE 
BasQuE b FOLLOWS THE SAME RULE AS ™ WIEN IT IS THE EQUIVALENT 
OF THAT LETTER IN THE CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES. 
One of the best known Iroquois words is onontes, a mountain, 
figuratively employed to denote a governor or great personage, as 
onontio, the beautiful mountain. This form onontio probably explains 
the Hittite word mati in the Hamath inscriptions, which I have 
translated ‘‘ king.” However, the Iroquois onontes is the Basque 
mendia. In South America the Basque form is almost given back 
in the Araucanian mahnida, but the Cayubabas of north-eastern 
Bolivia, a people allied to the Quichuas, are Vasconibus Vasconiores 
and turn the Iroquois onontes into truretui. 
The word tongue in Basque is mia, mehia, the Lesghian mitz and 
mas. The application of the rule transforms mas to ennas, which is 
just ennasa, the Iroquois tongue. The Georgian form is ena. 
The Caucasian m is frequently represented in Basque by 6. Thus 
the Lesghian mussur, muzul, the beard, is the Basque bizarra. 
