IN-THE KHITAN LANGUAGES. 291 
There is little doubt that the Lesghian form is the more ancient and 
radical. In the Atacameno, a Peruvian language of the Quichua 
family, masur survives, not indeed as denoting the beard but the 
hair. The Iroquois therefore instead of rendering the Basque 6 by 
w recognizes the original in m and calls a beard onwskeru. 
A similar word, burwa, the head in Basque is the Lesghian mier, 
maar, the Corean mari, the Dacotah marshaa, the Sonora moola, the 
Cayubaba abara-cama and nahuara-cama. Accordingly in Iroquois 
its form is not wara but anwwara. 
The radical part of the Iroquois eniorhene, to-morrow, is enior, 
and this is the Basque bihar, biar, bigar. While the Iroquois agrees 
with the Guipuzcoan and Biscayan dialects of the Basque in suppress- 
ing the medial aspirate or guttural, it refuses to recognize the initial 
b, and thus claims affinity with the Georgian michar and the Corean 
myongir. The Yuma gives back the Georgian form in mayyokal ; 
while the Dacotah and Cherokee, preserving the Iroquois form, 
prefix a sibilant, shinnakshare and sunahla being their respective 
terms. 
No unscientific collector of verbal coincidences would dream of 
associating the Basque bizkhar, the back, with the Iroquois ohnaken. 
But when we learn that the Basque bizkhar is the Lesghian machol, 
it is easily perceived that by the application of the first law machol 
becomes machen, and, by that of the second, machen is transformed 
into onachen. 
III.—WuHeEnN THE Basque b IS REPRESENTED BY THE SAME LETIER, OR A 
CORRESPONDING LABIAL IN THE CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES ITs IROQUOIS 
EQUIVALENT IS w. 
A Basque adjective meaning great and wide is zabala. In 
Lesghian it appears as chvallal, chvallase, and similar forms are fur- 
nished by the Shoshonese, Aztec, and Atacameno, namely, oboloo, 
yzachipul and capur. The first rule changes the Basque and Lesghian 
Z into the Iroquois n, and, by this third rule, the 6 and v of these 
two languages become w. Hence we have kowanea, the Iroquois 
word. It is to be remarked that in certain Lesghian and lroquois 
dialects the labial disappears altogether, the Lesghian kunosa being 
the counterpart of the Iroquois hons. 
The Basque word for grass is be/harra. Here the Caucasian and 
Basque agree, for bedharru is the Georgian balachi. Accordingly the 
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