5 bo) A TOPOGRAPHICAL ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF THE 
names in Jutland, and words in the vernacular of Schleswig and 
Holstein, are found to be Cymric. It is difficult to know why the 
Chersonese should be called Cimbrica at all, except for the reason 
that the Cimbri abode therein ; and it is impossible to account for 
the belief of ancient historians that this peninsula was inhabited by 
Cimbri, unless such was the case. Equally difficult is it to account 
for the adoption of the name Cymry or Cymri by the people now 
represented by the inhabitants of Wales, unless we allow as the 
reason their relationship to the ancient Cimbri. The plain account 
of the name Cymro or Cymru is that it is a modification of Cimbri, 
just as Cimbri again, according to the testimony of Diodorus, is a 
slight modification of Cimmerii.” Whatever other value the opinions 
which have been cited respecting the order in which the two divisions 
of the Celts entered the British Isles may have, a strong expectation 
will thus be formed that when the topography of these Isles has 
been closely examined, it will corroborate the theory that the Gaels 
came at an earlier time than the Cymri from Europe, and that those 
Celts who still speak the Gaelic language are the descendants or 
representatives of the earliest Celtic occupants of Great Britain and 
Ireland. Nor, so far as the value of such a topographical argument 
is concerned, is it material to determine the question, as to whether 
there were races in Britain before the Celts made their appearance, 
the desire being simply to ascertain what the Celtic names of streams, 
and rivers, and headlands, and mountains, and hillocks have to 
teach respecting the manner in which the Celts must have spread 
over the British Isles. In his Celtic Scotlund (vol. 1, pp. 164, 226), 
Skene says: ‘‘ Archeology enables us to trace the previous existence 
of a people of a different race, indications of which are to be 
found to a limited extent in the earlier notices of Britain and its 
topography. . . . The Celtic race in Britain and Ireland was 
preceded by a people of an Iberian type, small, dark-skinned and 
curly-headed.” It will be generally admitted that the names of 
rivers, and lochs, and hillocks, and mountains, and headlands, and 
bays which are to be found in any country, furnish a very useful 
guide for determining who the earliest settlers of the country were, 
and who were the earliest races that had sufficient strength and 
importance, and continuance to leave indelible traces of their presence 
in the topography of the country. Such names as Ottawa, Ontario, 
Toronto, Niagara, Canghnawaga, Manitoba, &e., will always pro- 
