28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 
courage and distinction, and high in the friendship and confidence of 
Sir Guy Carlton. On the reduction of his regiment, subsequent to 
the close of the war, he went to Vienna to serve with the Austrians 
against’ the Turks. But the expected hostilities not taking place he 
entered the service of the Elector of Bavaria as Colonel of Cavalry and 
Aide-de-camp General. He devoted himself to physical researches 
and to the inauguration of reforms of all kinds, economical, political 
and military. Honours were showered upon him. He became 
Lieutenant-General of the Bavarian armies, a Count of the Holy 
Roman Empire, and was decorated with the order of the White 
Eagle. But, with all his manifold employments, he found time to 
pursue his scientific investigations, and was made a member of the 
Academy of Sciences of Berlin and of Bavaria. Returning for a 
while to England he read before the Royal Society in 1798 his 
remarkable paper “on the source of the heat which is generated 
during friction.” While superintending the boring of cannon in the 
arsenal at Munich he was struck by the heat produced, and led to 
construct a special boring apparatus, by means of which he succeeded 
in making water boil. The paper is a description of these experi- 
ments, and contains the pregnant idea, expressly stated, that heat 
produced in this way could not possibly be a material substance— 
could not, indeed, be readily conceived as anything other than motion. 
Anxious to introduce into England those reforms with reference to 
the condition of the poor which he had endeavoured to inaugurate 
abroad, he set on foot, among other schemes, an institution “‘ for the 
diffusion of scientific knowledge, and for the teaching of the applica- 
tion of science to the useful purposes of life.” The outcome of this 
was the Royal Institution. Rumford was greatly interested in the 
economical applications of fuel. He had done a great deal in this 
direction in the kitchens of several public institutions in several 
parts of Europe ; and one of his leading ideas with reference to the 
new institution was the exhibition of models of fire-places, stoves, 
boilers, as well as houses, bridges, spinning wheels, and such other 
machinery as the managers should deem worthy of public notice. 
In addition to this, a lecture-room was to be fitted for philosophical 
lectures and experiments, and a laboratory established and furnished 
with all the necessary apparatus for chemical and physical investi- 
gation. The instituion began its life with the present century, and 
the chair of Chemistry was soon filled by a young Cornish chemist, 
