ETRURIA CAPTA. Lats 
bers of this family appear. Besides the unmistakably Hittite hier- 
oglyphics in Asia Minor, I find the Phrygian and Lycian inscrip- 
tions, figured in the works of Texier and others, to be Turanian. 
The same error, which has hid the Etruscan from view, has made 
these unintelligible. As at present read, with Greek and Pheenician 
phonetic values, they have no relations with any known tongue ; 
and we have no right to suppose any family of language lost.'* The 
bilingual Lycian inscriptions afford much help in determining the 
values of the characters, which exhibit Indian analogies. Although 
the aboriginal populations of Greece, including Macedonia and 
Thrace, were Turanian, I am not aware of any inscriptions in the old 
Turanian letters between Asia Minor and Italy. But, in the latter 
peninsula, it may almost be assumed that inscriptions, which are not 
written in Greek or Roman, are in Turanian characters. Such, 
most certainly, isthe case with the Etruscan remains. The Etruscan 
letters are reproduced in Spain in the so-called Celt-Iberian inscrip- 
tions, along with forms which recall the variations of Asia Minor 
and Hindostan. Of these, however, I have hardly made a study.” 
Nor are they the last specimens of old Turanian literature in the 
west. That supposed solitary example of Pictish writing in Scot- 
land, the Newton Stone, an accurate copy of which I owe to the 
kindness of President Wilson of University College, is an aberrant, 
but easily recognizable, type of the same wide spread writing.” I 
have not had time nor opportunity to compare the forms presented in 
the Sinaitic inscriptions, and in the aboriginal alphabets of northern 
13 As accessible to the general reader I reter to the samples of Phrygian and Lycian inscrip- 
tions cuntained in Professor Rawlinson’s Herodotus, Appendix Book I, Essay XI., which will 
be found to bear out my statement. Indeed Professor Rawlinson in treating of the Lyvians 
(12, vi.) note 8, says: ‘‘ The roots, however, are for the most part curiously unlike those in any 
other Indo-European language.” In the first Lycian inscription there given I read the middle 
word of the first line which has been rendered erafazeya, as Sidara Parmene aur, which is 
Basque for Sidara or Sidari, son of Parmene. Independently adapted from the old hieroglyphic 
system, which long lingered in Asia Minor, although generally on the model of the Greek 
alphabets, the cursive Hittite writing, while presenting everywhere many resemblances, also 
exhibits variations that call for careful study and comparison. 
14 Since this paper was submitted I have received from the Rev. Wentworth Webster, of 
Bechienia, in the Basses Pyrénées, copies of Celtiberian inscriptions, which, with slight varia- 
tions of a few characters and with one or two new words, one of which I have since found in 
the Cippus of Perusia, accord with the Etruscan. Two of them belong to the period of Roman 
occupation in Spain. 
15 Not only the Newton Stone, but many inscriptions hitherto read as the work and memorials 
of obscure Norsemen, are Pictish records, and establish beyond question the Iberic character 
of that early British population. 
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