PF 
or 
ETRURIA CAPTA. 163 
times also rendered by amona and amona-anre. Uta is the present 
Basque aita. Babe only survives in the language of children. Uga, 
though common in composition in modern Basque, has ceased to 
designate a mother, but wmona and amandria remain. For child, 
the common word is wra, the modern aurra ; for a little child, some 
compound of chipi, which still means little. Daughter is more often 
albi or albisa than nechi. These forms are now alaba and alapichi. 
The commonest words for brother and sister are noba, now nebia, 
and arrebw or arba, which is unchanged. The word baw or bahi, 
which means a pledge, seems to denote husband or wife. Child is 
sometimes rendered wme or hume, the unaltered form. As read 
formerly, uéa would be IR; babe,,PU; uga, IN; uganre, INSA ; 
amona, THE; amona anre, THESA; ura, IA; chipi, CU; alba, 
albisa, HU, HUL; noba, SP; arreba, AP; bahi, PI; and hume, 
IM. They were brave men, if not over-wise, who led a forlorn hope 
against such a formidable array of darkness, 
Etruscan inscriptions are, with few exceptions, written from right 
to left. For convenience sake I invert the text where it is intro- 
duced, and the direction of the individual characters. For lack of 
Etruscan type, I am compelled to represent these characters by the 
nearest equivalents which an ordinary English font supplies. A 
reference to the descriptions under the heading ‘The Phonetic 
Values of the Etruscan Characters,” will enable the student to 
identify these equivalents with the original forms in Lanzi’s Saggio. 
The following, in the order of the English alphabet, are the Etruscan 
symbols with their varying phonetic powers. Aberrant forms are 
grouped with the English letters they most resemble. 
A = ra, re, ri, ro,ru;ar,er,ir. Examples: AS rano, YA gure, LA 
zari, AO roma, AD artu. When r is preceded by a long 
vowel, 0 or u (or, ur), it is generally rendered by I A. 
B= ol, ul, hal, hel, hil, hol, hul. The same character is the horiz- 
ontally bisected parallelogram, now read as kh. [t is a com- 
pound of I and the following character. Hxample: BE alne 
ahalne, BD olatu. 
S = la, le, li, lo, lu, al, el, i. Examples: SED lanetu, 8IS leheno, 
8V albe. 
the Basque zorro, ventre, becomes sortu, sortzen. The Japanese shiroi, white in the same way 
forms shiromu, to become white. The corresponding Basque zuri, chwri, white, by adding tu, 
tzen forms churitu, churitzen, become white, whitens. Such instances might be multiplied in- 
definitely. 
