ETRURIA CAPTA. 165 
of this character, with perpendicular and horizontal inter- 
secting lines, and with crosses contained within them, in some 
Etruscan, and in the Celtiberian inscriptions. In Celtibe 
rian, O with a dot in the centre represents the Etruscan m. 
I have not determined with exactness enough for dogmatism 
the different vowel values and positions indicated by the 
other forms. Examples: AO roma, OA umra, (Umbra) OV 
ambe, VO pimo. 
R. I do not recognize this as a character per se. It is a variant 
of P. 
S. Z. M. = na, no, nu, an, on, un. The two last, on and wn, when 
initial at least, are generally represented by IK, IS, one, uno. 
But the character M seems specially to indicate these sounds, 
when the initial vowel or aspirate character is dispensed 
with. However, M is very often interchangeable with 8. 
The Z is simply a variant of §, and, as far as I can judge, 
marks a different class of writings, differing chronologically 
or geographically. Examples: AS rano, ES nion, SI anai, 
MPAN ondoreak. 
pemoee.y.. 
V = be, bi, pe, pi, eb, ib, ep, ip. Examples: VE begi, LV azpi, 
V8 ibil, YV kube, now jabe. 
Y. T. = ko, ku, go, gu. I do not think that originally it repre- 
sented any other sounds than these. There can be no doubt 
that YV kupi, kube, kobe, is the same word as the modern 
Basque jabe, jaube, lord, but it is better to regard jabe asa 
corruption of kobe, than to enlarge the powers of Y. When 
j and ch represent original gutturals, the words in which these 
letters occur may be looked for under Y, N, Land F. When 
they represent original sibilants, they should be found under 
C, Lana f. 
L =go. This character, as I have indicated, is nowhere to be 
found in the Kugubine Tables. It was thus not an essential 
part of the Etruscan syllabary, I have also shewn that its 
hieroglyphic origin is the same as that of Y. In the majority 
of instances in which I have met with it in the inscriptions, 
it has simply replaced Y, with the value go. But in other 
exceptional instances it has appeared with Y in the form 
LY, and there have been instances in which from analogy 
