284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 
of that country. But the flesh colouring on the most ancient 
Egyptian tombs is brown with a tinge of red, and the form of the 
features is not Nigritic. It is not until the time of the 25th Dynasty 
that there is evidence of Nigritic blood in the veins of the Egyptian 
kings. The features of the Sphinx are not Nigritic, and the colour- 
ing, yet visible, is of a reddish hue. The lips are full, but that is the 
case with the Semites, whose original locus was, in my judgment, the 
same as the first settlers in the Delta. A side view of the Sphinx 
gives one the impression that the ideal of the sculptor who chiselled 
the features of that colossal symbol of royalty and wisdom, which has 
remained a silent and unchanged witness of the rise and fall of kings 
and of the Egyptian race, was a Caucasian face. 
The original immigrants probably came in isolated tribes, and, thus 
spread over the Delta, would occupy and till an area of soil which 
would become the property of the tribe that cultivated it. An 
ancient historic document says that the sons of Mizraim, the people 
who dwelt in Upper and Lower Egypt, were the Ludim, Anamim, 
Pathrusim. That is, these were the tribal names of the descendants 
of the original Egyptians, and some of these names are verified, for 
they are the names of places in Egypt in historic times. Probably 
offshoots of those original tribes pushed westward and southward, 
and though retaining the language of the tribes in the Nile valley, in 
time they were regarded as an alien people. And we find in the 
period of the Thothmes and Rameses, and even earlier, that the 
Egyptians hated the Cushites on the south, and treated them as a 
foreign people, while they seem to have been able to understand the 
Cushites, and communicate with them without interpreters. 
Whatever their original source may have been, the evidence of the 
earliest monuments and historical documents is that the Egyptians 
at that time were a mixed people. 
Professor Rawlinson says (R. Vol. I. 100): ‘‘ Neither the forma- 
tion of their skulls, nor their physiognomy, nor their complexion, 
nor the quality of their hair, nor the general proportions of their 
frames, connect them in any way with the indigenous African races, 
the Berbers and the Negroes.” 
Dr. Birch says:* “On the earliest monuments they appear as a 
red or dusky race, with features neither entirely Caucasian nor 
Nigritic; more resembling at the earliest age the European, at the 
middle period of the Nigritic races, and at the most flourishing 
’ 
