INDIVIDUALISM. 21 



TENTH MEETING. 



Tenth Meeting, 21st January, 1888, the President in the 

 chair. 



Donations and exchanges since last meeting, 82. 



The President announced the recent death of an honorary 

 member of the Institute, Professor Balfour Stewart, of Owen's 

 College, Manchester. In giving a brief sketch of his scientific 

 labours, Mr. Carpmael mentioned that in his early electrical 

 and meteorological investigations, he had taken the observa- 

 tions of the Toronto Observatory as a basis. 



Professor Chapman, of University College, was elected an 

 honorary member of the Institute. 



J. Lester Nichols, was elected an ordinary member. 



A communication was read from the trustees of the Eliza- 

 beth Thompson science fund, offering aid for the prosecution 

 of scientific research, and stating the grants which had already 

 been made. 



A report of the Geological and Mining section on " The 

 Mining Industries of Canada" was referred to the Council 

 with a view to its being printed. 



Mr. T B. Browning read a paper on " Individualism, from 

 a social and historic point of view." 



Of the Aryan race, the Anglo-Saxon has the most developed form of 

 individualism ; and of the Anglo-Saxon that portion of it which inha- 

 bits the northern portion of this continent. The form of society which 

 prevails most widely is a more or less complete communism. The ques- 

 tion : what is an individual "i is not capable of any but a relative an- 

 swei-. The question is, what is the unit of a society ? which varies from 

 age to age. Human beings may be in one respect individuals, while 

 they are not so considered in others, e.g., under criminal and not under 

 civil law, as infants, etc. The lecturer reviewed the evolution of the 

 individual to his present status, in a legal, religious and economic 

 point of view. Individualism has manifested itself in two forms — 



