242 proceedings of the canadian institute. 



Words Kelating to Hearing and Speaking. 



The Aiyan roots kru and klu, to hear, are preserved almost intact 

 in the Gaelic words, cluas, ear, cluin, hear / claisteachd, the sense of 

 hearing, and in cliu, renown ; the Latin cluere and the Greek klu-ein, 

 to hear, are nearly the same in both form and sense. 



It is remarkable that the two forms of the Aryan root rak and lak, 

 to speak, and the Sanscrit lap, to s])eak, should both be preserved in 

 Gaelic : lahh-air, speak ; radh, saying. " Is fior an radh so," — this is 

 a true Siiying. 



Names of Various Objects. 



When Skeat traces the words sliare, shear, shore, and scores of 

 other words to the Aryan I'oot skar, and to the base ska, he does not 

 seem to know that skar or s(/ar, used in exactly the same sense, is one 

 of the commonest woi'ds in the living language of Ireland and the 

 Highlands of Scotland. For example : " Sgaraidh e iad o cheile 

 amhuil a syaras buachaill na caoraich o na gabliraibh," — " He shall 

 separate them one from another, as a shepherd separateth the sheep 

 from the goats." The l)ase sga may be found in hundreds of words, 

 such as sgap, scatter ; syoilt, split ; sgireachd, parish ; syath, lop and 

 sgian, knife. 



Is it a mere accident that tliin h tan-n in Sanscrit ; tana in Gaelic; 

 and ten-uis in Latin ; all apparently from the root ta to stretch 1 Can 

 it be a mere chance that the root tar or thar and the variant tra, to go 

 over or through, and the Sanscrit tri, through, should have so many 

 corresponding terms in Gaelic, identical in meaning and form, as 

 tha/r, across (thar a chuian, across the ocean) ti'id, through and 

 tarsuing across; tarsnan, the rung of a ladder or any ci'oss beam? 



Lagh, lag, the Aryan root meaning to lie down. In Gaelic, laigh 

 is to lie down ; lagh is law in Gaelic, i.e., a thing settled or laid 

 down, like the Latin leg-s. 



The dog must have been domesticated before the Gaelic-speaking 

 people left the original seats of the Aryan race, as his name in 

 Sanscrit is cvan or cuan ; in Greek, Kuon ; in Gaelic, cu ; and in 

 Latin canis. 



The importance of this language for philological purposes cannot be 

 over-estimated. The vai-ious branches of the Old Aryan race both in 

 Asia and on the continent of ICurope, have been so disturbed and 



