"288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAXADIAN INSTITUTE. 



have also ranged over part at least of the South American continent, 

 being perlia])S its earliest inhabitants and allied to the cave-men of 

 Europe. And some of their descendants may yet exist, amongst the 

 Botocudos and other low tribes of Brazil, or even in that still lower 

 race the Fuegians. Dr. Virchow,^ observes with reference to the 

 discovery in Patagonia of a human skull beside the remains of a 

 Glyjitodon, " Ich habe audi schon hin gewiesen, dass die voa Herrn 

 Strobel in den Paradeus von Patagonien gefundenen Schiidel, gleich- 

 falls brachycephal waren ; sind seine (die des Herrn Roth in der 

 Pampa) Fundangaben richtig, was zu bezweifeln, kein Gi'und voi'liegt, 

 so diirfte mit Sicherheit folgen, dass schon diese alteste Bevolkerung 

 brachycephal war." Considering these facts, it may be, that in South 

 America, as in Europe, we have presented to us in the past the spectacle 

 of an earlier dolichocephalic race, intruded upon and displaced by a 

 contemporary, or rather a later and brachycephalic people. Presup- 

 posing this earlier dolichoce|)lialic, Eskimo-like r.ice in North and 

 South America, and admitting the airival at later intervals of Iberian 

 immigration from Europe and Northern Africa, have we not found a 

 reasonable explanation for many of the facts which meet us in the 

 pre history of America? 



In historic times intercourse and relations with the American 

 Indians, have entirely ceased in some cases, or varied much ac- 

 cording to locality, judging from Dr. Rink.- " In the extreme West 

 there has been a slight intermingling with the Thlinkits about the 

 C'opper River, and with the Athabascans back of Kotzebue Sound, 

 elsewhere the Innuit emd Karalik (West and East Eskimo) have kept 

 entirely aloof, nowhere amalgamating with the Red Indians." Not- 

 withstanding this. Dr. Rink''' is inclined to think that " The North- 

 West Indians might be considered as forming an intermediate link 

 between the Eskimo and the inland tribes." 



With the Greenlanders, the Indians have long ages ago become 

 fabulous beings, and are knowii in Legend as Erkilek. According to 

 Mr. Murdoch* the case is the same at Point Barrow, in Alaska. 

 Mr. DalP states that " the Or.irians (Eskimo) are known to the 



1. Ueber ein mit Gljijtodon erefund. mensch. Skelet. aus der Pampa de la Plata. Verb, der 

 Berl. Ges. f. Anthr. Ethii. u. Urg., 1883, S. 467. 



2. Nature, Jan. 27, 1887. 



3. Eskimo Tales and Traditions, p. 71. 



4. Loc. cit., p. 599. 



5. Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Soi. Salem, 1869, p. 266; lb. p. 272 



