42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



1,500 are enclosed earthworks. In New York state there are 250 

 enclosures. In an area of 50 miles on the borders of Iowa and 

 Illinois chere are 2,500 mounds, besides earthen enclosures. He 

 quoted from various authorities as to the extension of the remains 

 of these people even into Manitoba, and by the Saskatchewan and 

 other water courses to British Columbia. He described the great 

 works at Fort Hill, Fort Ancient, Newark, Cahokia, and elsewhere. 

 He dwelt on the happy results that have followed at Mai'ietta, Ohio, 

 and some few other places where the remains have been preserved as 

 far as possible intact. He showed diagrams of several mound works 

 in Ohio and Indiana which added to the interest. He discussed the 

 state of civilization and customs of these predecessors of the Indians, 

 and analysed the various theories propounded by Count de Nadaillac, 

 Sir J. Lubbock, Col. Charles Whittlesey, Sir Daniel Wilson, and 

 other writers. He spoke of their inner life, their government, 

 religion, dress, ornaments, etc. He found no traces of Georgite 

 theories among them, considered that the government was patriarchal 

 and tribal. The religion was like that of the Aztecs, with sacrificial 

 rites and sun worship. As to their origin, he considered them not 

 by any means the first race of men on this continent, but that they 

 were akin to the Toltecs and Aztecs of America, and to the present 

 Japanese, and so of a clearly Asiatic type. Refen-ing to Nadaillac, 

 Sir Chas. Lyell, and other authorities, he considei'ed these people as 

 a great and widespi'ead nation, which occupied this continent for 

 perhaps 2,000 years, but that some 1,000 years ago their distinct 

 nationality was lost in contests with the Indian races, chiefly 

 Shawnees and Cherokees, in the Ohio regions, which then overran 

 the continent, amalgamated to some extent with them, but that the 

 greater part of the Mound Builder race was driven to the South and 

 became lost in the great Nahua nations, of whom the Aztecs were 

 one. He drew a picture of the life of the people, and referred to 

 the art of the archaeologist, which respects not the tombs of the 

 Pharaohs nor the graves of the proud old Peruvians and Mexicans, 

 but has gathered as mummies and skeletons many such remains to be 

 stared at by the curious in museums from Bulak to Central Park. 

 He lastly depicted what may be found as to Canadian civilization 

 after another scoi-e of centuries have passed, when some pundit from 

 the then " Dominion of United Africa " or the " Japanese Republic" 



