1866. | Teneriffe. (/ 
part of the zone are large bushes of two or three species of Hype- 
ricums, but only one (the H. Canariense) is imdigenous; this 
luxuriant plant is found also in the lower zone. The Campanula 
and Chrysanthemum show themselves wherever the ground of this 
zone is covered with moss. 
The third zone, which is generally enveloped in clouds towards 
the evening, extends to 5,400 feet above the sea. It may be con- 
sidered as the true region of the arborescent ferns and that beautiful 
and useful tree, the Canarian pine, which will be in a few years 
swept away by the woodman’s axe. Where this has been done on 
the north-west side of the island, they have, as might have been 
expected, suffered much from drought. The pine is mingled with a 
juniper tree, called the Juniperus oaycedrus, and wherever there was 
a spring of water, it was surrounded by seven or eight species of ferns, 
but only two of them were peculiar to the island —the Aspleniwm 
Canariense and the Trichomanes Canariense; the Arbutus is very 
luxuriant, but it flourishes equally well in the upper part of the 
second zone, 
The fourth zone may be said to extend to the elevation of 
7,000 feet; in this division, the vegetation is much mixed with that 
of the upper part of the lower zone, such as the Canarian pine, 
juniper, and large flowery bushes of Retama, the Spanish name for 
two species of mountain broom (Spartiwm monospermum and 
Spartium nubigenum). | 
The fifth and upper zone consists of plains of pumice, whose 
parched and barren aspect is only occasionally relieved by detached 
bushes of Retama and “Codeso,” whose dry and pale-green leaves 
gain a scanty nourishment amid the scorching heat of the sun. 
Even at the foot of the Peak, at an elevation of 8,957 feet, with a 
radiation sometimes of 180°, and a depression of 54° of the wet-bulb 
thermometer, a lilac-coloured violet is found (Viola cheiranthefolia), 
‘and the Scrophularia glabiata and some lichens on the Peak near 
the Ice Cave, at an elevation of 11,098 feet. 
When I mention these different zones, or bands of vegetation, 
it must not be thought that they appear so very distinct as you 
pass through them, as in fact they are much blended, particularly 
at the verge of every zone. As I was in the habit of passing 
through three of the belts of vegetation three or four times a week, 
I paid great attention to their lines of demarcation, which I 
endeavoured to ascertain in the following manner: I ascended some 
commanding position, and noted the peculiar vegetation from one 
salient point to another, as far as I could see, which I measured 
afterwards with a barometer. At first, I attempted to measure the 
elevation above the sea of the last tree in every zone, but it was 
attended with so many difficulties that I abandoned the plan. 
In the “ Cumbre,” or plains of pumice, which are at an elevation 
