1866. | Synthetical Chemistry. 41 
health, and his mental development are the legitimate motives 
that should actuate man in prosecuting the study of synthetical 
chemistry. 
Synopsis of Chemical Reactions referred to in the foregoing Article. 
1. Synthesis of acetylene (C, H,) from hydrogen and carbon in 
the electric arc (Berthelot). 
2. By passing acetylene gas through subchloride of copper, 
acetylide of copper is produced. 
38. Acetylide of copper in contact with nascent hydrogen, gives 
olefiant gas (C, H,). 
4. Agitated with sulphuric acid, olefiant gas produces ALL 
acid (SO, C, H,), from which common or vinic alcohol (C, H, O) is 
readily obtained. 
5. From vinic alcohol the following alcohols can be produced by 
Mendius’s reaction : 
Propylic Alcohol 3...) °C, Hy O 
Butylic Aleohol . . .: C,H, O 
AmylicvAleaho!, et.) \ 54) GH, O 
6. By the oxydation of these alcohols, they yield respectively the 
following organic acids: 
Vinie Alcohol yields Acetic Acid. 
Propylic Aleohol ,, Propionic Acid. 
Butylic Alcohol »,  Butyric Acid. 
Amylic Alcohol »  Valerianic Acid. 
7. From propionic acid, the acid of sour milk—lactic acid 
(C, H, O;) is obtaimed by the consecutive action of chlorine and 
hydrate of potash. 
8. From the alcohols, the zine compounds of the alcohol radicals 
are obtained ; viz. from 
Methylic Alcohol . . Zine Methyl. 
Vinic Aleohol . . . Zine Ethyl. 
Amylic Alcohol . . Zine Amyl. 
9. By the action of the zine compounds of the alcohol radicals 
upon oxalic ether, the following acids of the Lactic family are pro- 
duced, of increasing complexity : 
Seinemoxmie: ACG 0.0 ot etuishopeh tele Ce Ha Os 
Ethomethoxalic Acid . ... . C,H 
Pretuoxsie Ned. SP Cn O, 
Amylohydroxalic Acid. . Pe tags al 8 
Ethyl-Amylhydroxalic rer C, H 
Diamyloxalic Acid . . SED. Cee Oy 
10. When nitrogen gas is pad over a mixture of carbon and 
hydrate of potash heated to whiteness, cyanide of potassium (KC N) 
is produced. 
