42 Synthetical Chemistry. [ Jan., 
11. When cyanide of potassium is boiled with solution of hydrate 
of potash, formate of potash (CHKO,) is produced. From this, 
formic acid (CH, O,), the acid of ants is obtained by distillation 
with sulphuric acid. 
12. When formate of potash is heated with hydrate of potash, it is 
converted into oxalate of potash (C, K, O,), whence oxalic acid 
(C, H, O,), same as from oxalis acetosella. 
13. Oxalic acid heated with alcohol gives oxalic ether (C, Hy O,) 
used in No. 9. 
14. By the action of anhydrous phosphoric acid upon the acids 
No. 9, the latter are converted into acids of the Acrylic series, 
thus : 
Dimethoxalic Acid gives Methacrylic Acid . . C,H, O, 
Ethomethoxalic Acid gives Methylerotonic Acid C, H, O; 
Diethoxalic Acid gives Ethylerotonic Acid . . (©, H, O, 
15. Distilled with alcohol, acetic acid gives acetic ether (C, H, O,), 
and with amylic alcohol, amylic acetate (C;H,,0.). The first con~ 
stitutes the bouquet of several wines, the second is the essence of 
ears. 
: 16. Acetic ether, treated first with sodium and then with iodide 
of ethyl, gives butyric ether (C, H,, O.), the essence of pineapples. 
For other synthetized products similarly obtained and in prospect, 
see Lecture, June 9, 1865, p. 2, viz.: 
Propionic Ether . C,H, O, | CGinanthylic Ether . C, H,, O, 
Diethacetic Ether . OC, H,,O, | Margaric Ether . . C,, H,, O, 
17. From propylic alcohol, glycerine (C; H, O;) the sweet prin- 
ciple of animal fats can be obtained. 
18. By the combination of glycerine with the fatty acids, synthe- 
tized according to No. 6, oils and fats similar to animal and vegetable 
oils and fats are produced. 
19. By careful oxydation, amylic alcohol is converted into valeri- 
anic aldehyde; and this, treated with prussic acid (got from cyanide 
of potassium, see No. 10), is transformed into leucine (C, H,, NO,), 
found in the spleen, pancreas, liver, bile, and kidneys, and in the 
salivary glands. 
