1866. ] lnining and Metallurgy. 111 
average yield of all the ore worked in the mines of Austin is ¢144 
per ton. Nearly every variety of silver ore known to the mineralo- 
gist is found in the vicinity of Reese river. Native silver is found 
as wire silver, and in thin lamina between different layers of ore, 
also in masses of irregular shape mixed with the ore. This latter 
variety is mostly found in the Revenue Mine, on Lander Hill, where 
pieces weighing five pounds have been found ; it is also discovered in 
minute particles in the oxide of iron, forming the ore known in 
Mexico as Colorados. Above the water level the ores of silver are 
Chlorides, Iodides, Bromides, and Selenides; below the water 
level they are generally Sulphurets. 
The annual production of Coal, in the coal producing provinces 
of the Chinese empire, has been given by Mr. Mossman as follows :— 
Tons. 
Che-Kiang . . . . . ° 80,000 
Kiang-See . ‘ A é = C 190,000 
Hoonan A . e = ‘ . 260,000 
Quang-tung . . e . . 130,000 
Northern Provinces = : 340,000 
The value of this coal at the pit’s mouth is given, in round 
numbers, as 1,200,0002., and we learn from the same authority that 
the consumption of native coal in China is only one ton to every 
406 persons.* 
Coal is being worked by the sanction of the Viceroy of Egypt 
in the neighbourhood of the classic mountain Olympus. Depots 
are about to be formed on the shores of the Red Sea to supply the 
steamers with this fuel, which is said to be of good quality, and 
can, it appears, be sold much cheaper than any other coal.t 
METALLURGY. 
At a recent meeting of the Institute of Civil Engineers of 
France, M. Gaudry read a paper on a new French puddling machine 
which has been regularly at work at the Clos-Mortier Iron Works, 
_ near St. Dizier, for four years. By this machine the ordinary 
puddler’s “rabble” is worked regularly over the furnace door, and 
the tool is changed with the greatest readiness as often as this is 
needed. The puddler has only to watch the operation, without 
anything to tire him, until the time comes for him to “ball” the 
iron, the machine being then thrown out of action. The apparatus 
is placed either on the top of the furnace, or in a pit underneath, 
or alongside. It consists of a suspended connecting rod, which is 
capable of vibrating in all directions for working the rabble, and is 
itself worked by an arrangement of rods, shafts, and cranks sup- 
ported on the brickwork. The motion is generally obtained from 
_* From a letter to Mr. T. Y. Hall, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, from Mr. Mossman, 
communicated to the Birmingham Meeting of Mining Engineers. 
+ ‘Les Mondes,’ 5th October, 1865. 
