1866. | On the Laryngoscope. 219 
the concentration of the rays of light emanating from a candle fixed 
in front of it; and 2°, of a speculum attached to the opposite side of 
the candle, and containing at its extremity a laryngeal mirror. He 
seems, however, subsequently to have forsaken the speculum, and 
employed solely small laryngeal mirrors, “made of solid lumps of 
metal.” He affirmed, that with his Laryngoscope he had occa- 
sionally been able to see the bifurcation of the windpipe. In the 
year 1850, the medal of the Society of Arts was awarded to him 
for his labours. Monsieur Desormeaux, of the Hépital Necker, in 
Paris, has employed for many years past an instrument which 
resembles Bozzini’s, for the examination of the urethra, posterior 
part of the nasal cavities, the throat, as well as other parts.* 
Monsieur Garcia, the eminent professor of music, was the first expe- 
rimenter who succeeded in obtaining a sight of his own larynx. 
The method he employed was the following :—Placing himself with 
his back to the sun, he introduced into his throat a little mirror, 
attached to a long stem; on this he cast the rays of ight by means 
of a looking-glass. and in this same glass he saw the reflection of 
his larynx. This mode of examination was precisely that of Dr. 
Babington, who, however, made no attempt at autolaryngoscopy. 
After having studied the mechanism of the human voice during 
singing, he presented a paper to the Royal Society of London, 
in 1855, entitled, “ Physiological Observations on the Human 
Voice.” t 
This paper, meeting the eye of Dr. Tiirck, of Vienna, that 
gentleman was induced to employ the laryngeal mirror in the wards 
of the General Hospital in 1857, but apparently without the as ist- 
ance of any illuminating mirror whatever. In November of that 
year, Dr. Tiirck, having ceased to employ his mirrors, lent them to 
Professor Czermak, of Pesth, who made the very important addition 
of a large circular mirror for the concentration of the light. This 
mirror was perforated in the centre, and so arranged as to bring 
the perforation in front of the pupil of the examiner’s eye. Although 
many of Czermak’s predecessors were acquainted with the principles, 
none of them completed the art. To him, then, who is named by 
Dr. Gibb the father of Laryngoscopy, is due the credit of having 
perfected the Laryngoscope and introduced it to the scientific world. 
Czermak’s first essay on the subject appeared in 1858, and was 
named ‘Physiological Researches with the Laryngeal Mirror of 
Garcia.’ This was followed by various papers, the most complete 
and comprehensive of which was published by the New Sydenham 
Society in 1861, and entitled, ‘ The Laryngoscope and its Application 
to Physiology and Medicine.’ 
Finally, the names of Battaille, Merkel, Semeleder, Stoerk, 
* Vide ‘De \’Endoscope et de ses Applications,’ 1865. Paris. 
+ ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,’ vol. vii., No. 13. 1855. 
