1866. | as indicating the Antiquity of Man. 231 
machérah, from piercing; Greek, machaira, a dirk or sword. 
Hebrew, kalah, to close, shut up; Greek, kle2d, klets ; Latin, clavis. 
Hebrew, Kalam, to wound, and Arabic, klam; Sanskrit, Alam. 
Hebrew, kana, to bow the knee; Greek, gonu; Latin, genu; 
Sanskrit, ganu; Gothic, keniw; German and English, knie, knee. 
Hebrew, dat, loot, to wrap round; Sanskrit, Jud; Greek, lathd ; 
Latin, lateo. The Hebrew kol, voice, from kol, to call, is exten- 
sively used; Sanskrit, kal, to sound; Greek, khaled; English, to 
call. Hebrew, madad, to measure; Sanskrit, ma, mad; Zend, 
meete, mate; Greek, metron, medimnos; Latin, metior, meta; 
Gothic, mitan; Anglo-Saxon, mefan; and German, messen, 
Hebrew, mooth, to die, appears in all the Semitic languages, and 
in many of the Indo-European. The middle radical seems to be 
softened from the liquid 7, an example of which is found in Hebrew 
darash and doosh, so that the original stem would be mrt; 
Sanskrit, m7?, to die, mrita, dead, death—also, math, muth, mith, 
meth, mid, med, to kill; Malay, meta; Zend, mrete; Pelev. 
murdeh, mard, mortal, man; Persian, mardan, to die; Greek, 
mortos; Latin, mors, mortis; German, mord. To these may be 
added the New Zealand, 7.e. Maori, mate, to die, cognate, like many 
other words in the language of New Zealand, with the Malay, and 
perhaps Sanskrit. 
Again, Heb. mala, to fill, Arab. and Syr. idem. This root, like the 
last, seems to be co-existent with the origin of the two families of 
languages which we are comparing with each other—m being 
changed for p and f, in accordance with the law which frequently 
changes the letters of the same organ for each other, in this case all 
labials: thus—Sanskrit, ple, to fill; Gr. pled, plarés, blud, brud ; 
Lat. plere, plenus; Goth. fullyan; Ger. fiillen voll; Eng. full, 
fil, &e.; Heb. masach, to mix. This root is also widely extended, 
appearing in Hebrew, Arabic, Chaldee, and Syriac, also in the 
German ivischmasch ; Sanskrit, maksh and misr ; Gr. misgd ; Lat. 
misceo; Polish, mieszam; Bohem. smisseti; Eng. to mash 
mix; Ger. mischen. Heb. mashash, to feel; Arab. idem.; Gr. 
masso. Heb. naar, boy, feminine na’arah—no doubt this is a 
primitive noun, in Sanskrit nara, man; nari nare, woman; 
Zend, naere ; Persian, nar; Greek, anér. Heb. naphadl, to fall— 
the root is the same in Chaldee and Syriac ; and the primary syllable, 
fal, appears in the German fallen; Eng. fall; Gr. sphallo ; Lat. 
fallo ; Sanskrit, spaladini. Heb. saphad, to beat the breast as a sign 
of grief; Gr. sphadazd. Heb. ’avar, to pass over; Arab. idem. ; 
and as a noun, shore; Ger. ufer; Sansk. wpart; Pers. aber; Gr. 
huper, pera, peran, perad; Latin, super; Gothic, ufar, afar; 
German, iiber; English, over. Hebrew, ‘aitz, a she-goat; Syriac, 
’ezo ; Sanskrit, adsha, he-goat, adsha, a she-goat; Gothic, gactsa ; 
Anglo-Saxon, gat; German, geis; Greek, atx, aigos. Hebrew, 
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