1866. | Geology and Paleontology. 413 
ological observation and registration. Dr. Livingstone has arrived 
at the mouth of the Livuma River, whence he will advance into the 
interior, to supplement, and as far as possible reconcile, the dis- 
coveries of Speke, Grant, Burton, and Baker. Mr. Whymper, of 
Matterhorn celebrity, accompanied by a well-trained Danish guide, 
is meditating a trip to the glaciers of the interior of Greenland. 
Central Asia is receiving much attention at the hands of Russian 
geographers, especially in the neighbourhood of the mountains 
lying between Little Thibet and Turkistan, a range which, for 450 
miles, has peaks rising from 21,000 to 28,300 feet above the level 
of the sea. 
VII. GEOLOGY AND PALAXONTOLOGY. 
(Including the Proceedings of the Geological Society.) 
We cannot pretend to chronicle this quarter a very extensive list 
of new and important discoveries ; but some few real advances have 
been made, and several questions of theoretical interest are still 
under discussion. 
To begin, Dr. E. Percival Wright has made public the remark- 
able results of a systematic search for fossils at the Jarrow Colliery, 
Kilkenny, the expense of the exploration having been defrayed by a 
grant from the British Association. Professor Huxley and Dr. 
Wright have been able to distinguish in the collection made, species 
of no less than six genera of Labyrinthodonts, of which at least 
five, named respectively Urocordylus, Ophiderpeton, Ichthyerpeton, 
Keraterpeton, and Lepterpeton, are new, while the sixth may be the 
known genus Anthracosawrus of the Glasgow coal-field. The 
authors therefore justly remark, that “one Irish coal-pit has thus 
yielded, in the course of a few months, by careful exploration, more 
genera than are known from all the American coal-fields, and nearly 
as many as have been obtained from Europe generally.” Besides 
these genera, however, there are indications of the existence of 
several others, as well as a large collection of fish-remains, including 
anew genus of ganoids, which is to receive the name of Campy- 
loplewron. It appears that Ophiderpeton may be taken to repre- 
sent either the type of Amphiuma or that of Cxeilia amongst 
existing Batrachia, while the rest fall into the salamandroid division, 
the better known genus Archxgosaurus being the ancient represent- 
ative of the Perennibranchiata. Consequently the tailless froglike 
form is the only one now unknown from Carboniferous strata, and, 
curiously enough, that is precisely the form in which the original 
genus Labyrinthodon was erroneously restored at the time of its 
discovery. 
