1866. ] Zoology and Animal Physiology. 439 
which constitute the foundations of a true science. Mr. Mackintosh 
has lately published some remarks on the “Comparative Anthropology 
of England and Wales,’* which in their disconnected character well 
exhibit the want of some systematic principles to connect the observa- 
tions of the practical ethnologist. The paper is illustrated by a plate 
containing portraits of some twenty-eight individuals, male and female, 
from various parts of England and Wales; and it is from the study 
of physiognomy and habit that the author has attempted to draw 
some conclusions as to the sources of the population of our country. 
He remarks on the character and appearance of the inhabitants of 
various localities, and from his observations draws conclusions as to 
the races inhabiting different counties, much in accordance with 
those of previous observers. At the same time, it may be remarked 
that the evidence submitted—namely, a selected series of twenty- 
eight portraits—is hardly satisfactory with regard to the facial 
characters of such a various and mixed population as that of Eng- 
land and Wales. It is hardly a safe thing to theorize upon the 
similarity between the countenances of Professor Steenstrup and the 
inhabitants of the north and east of England ; nor can Sir Bulwer 
Lytton’s novels be accepted as works of authority in ethnology. A 
very detailed examination and very careful ulustration will be 
necessary in order to establish many of the bare assertions and 
hypotheses contained in this pamphlet; it may, nevertheless, be 
valuable as indicating a direction in which research may be 
extended. 
Mr. Luke Burke, the editor of the ‘ Ethnological Journal,’ is 
at the present time publishing in his pages a series of articles on 
the “ Principles of Ethnology,” and it is much to be hoped that he 
may succeed in laying some solid foundations on which the Science 
may rest. 
In the ‘ Bulletins of the Anthropological Society’ of Paris last 
issued, is an interesting paper, by M. Paul Broca, “On the Seat of 
the Faculty of Articulate Language.” He endeavours to show that 
the faculty of speech is specially subject to the third convolution of 
the frontal region of the cerebrum, and brings forward several cases 
of injury or natural deficiency in this part to support his view. It 
appears, however, that in the great majority of cases the left hemi- 
sphere of the brain was alone affected, whilst injury to the right 
hemisphere produced no effect. M. Broca explains this by remind- 
ing us that nearly every person is right-handed, and that con- 
sequently the left side of the brain has to take the lead in nearly 
all voluntary actions; moreover, Gratiolet has observed that the 
convolutions of the left hemisphere are developed at an earlier 
period than those of the right. Hence, M. Broca argues that it is 
the left-third frontal convolution which is pre-eminent in the faculty 
* © Anthropological Review,’ January, 1866, 
VOL, IIL, 24 
