540 Meeting of the British Association. [ Oct., 
of extinct mammals, and undoubtedly inhumed at the same time, 
human industrial remains of a character so humble and so little 
varied as to betoken a very low type of civilization.” 
Mr. Spence Bate, in his “ Attempt to Approximate the Date of the 
Flint Flakes of Devon and Cornwall,” chiefly confined himself to two 
localities in Barnstaple Bay, North Devon—one on the north and 
the other on the south of the mouth of the Taw,—the former being 
connetted with the “ Raised beach,” the latter with the “ Submerged 
forest ’—both long and well known to geologists. From a study of 
the phenomena, the author concluded “that the fimts are more 
recent than the most recent elevation of land on that coast;” that 
the submergence of the forest was due, not to any subsidence of the 
land, but to the slow landward retreat of an extensive “ pebble 
ridge,” which formerly protected a low-lying tract of land and 
enabled trees to grow on an area below the sea level; and that 
“ there is no evidence to show that the flint flakes may not have 
been coeval with the period that immediately preceded the intro- 
duction of Roman civilization into this country.” 
In the communication by Mr. Oldham, “On the Discovery of 
Ancient Trees below the Surface of the Land, at the Western Docks 
now being constructed at Hull,” it was stated that at a depth of 
40 feet below the level of the adjoining land, trees, some of them of 
gigantic size, were met with in all positions. They are broken off 
within three feet of the roots, which still remain 2 situ. It was 
estimated by the author that they cannot be less than 3,000 
years old. 
Mr, Peacock gave some account of “A Case of Gradual Change 
of Form and Position of Land at the South End of the Isle of 
Walney,” stating that the sea encroaches at the average rate of 
nearly eight feet in width per annum, the land being washed from 
the west towards the south-east and north-east points, where it 
remains. 
The conclusion at which Mr. Wynne arrived, in his paper on 
“The Physical Features of the Land as connected with Denudation,” 
was that “both marine and sub-aerial agencies have contributed to 
form the features of the land, the latter labouring to destroy the 
traces of the action of the sea, as well as those features which it had 
itself produced.” 
Mr. Topley, in his paper on “The Physical Geography of East 
Yorkshire,” stated that his object was to explain the relation of the 
present surface outlines to the internal structure of the district of 
Cleveland. He was of opmion that the present scenery of York- 
shire was due not to marine action, but to subaerial denudation. 
