550 Meeting of the British Association. [ Oct., 
and aspect of his present condition ; and from the knowledge thus 
gained to derive (as we cannot fail to do) some assistance in our 
attempts to govern and improve uncivilized tribes, some guidance 
in our own national and individual progress.” 
Strangely enough, this is the first time that the study of man’s 
nature and history has, in modern times, been viewed in its true 
character, and “ Anthropologists” cannot do better than to stick 
closely to the principles laid down by their new leader. 
Amongst the papers read in this Section subsequent to the Pre- 
sident’s Address the following are worthy of note :— 
Mr. Carter Blake described a human jaw from the Belgian bone 
caves, which was discovered near Dirant by the Government officials. 
It was found in undisturbed sandy clay, at a depth of 34 metres 
(11 feet 4 in.), the clay alternating with stalagmite, and affording 
evidences of gradual deposition. The characters which it presented 
were very different from those exhibited by the jaws of the white 
races of the present day, and presented in many points an exag- 
geration of the characters of the lowest Australian jaws. Doubts 
were expressed by some members of the Section as to the authenticity 
of the “find,” but the President regarded it with great interest. 
Professor Huxley read an interesting paper “On two Extreme 
Forms of Human Crania:” one, that of a Tartar from the Museum 
of the Royal College of Surgeons; the other, said to have come from 
New Zealand. The first presented the extreme characters of the 
brachy-cephalic type, its breadth being 977-1000 of its length; the 
other was remarkable for its length, which bore to its breadth the 
proportion of 1000 to 629. In the discussion which followed the 
paper Dr. Turner stated that he had two skulls, one a Bohemian, 
the other from Lincolnshire, which in many respects resembled those 
now exhibited. Mr. Carter Blake expressed the view that artificial 
pressure had caused the extreme narrowness of the New Zealand 
skull, and Dr. B. Davis also attributed the extreme measurement of 
the other skull to artificial causes. 
Dr. James Hunt read a paper “On the Cranial Measurements 
and Personal Attributes of 98 Hixamples of Norwegians,” and pointed 
out attributes which rendered it undesirable to confound the inha- 
bitants of Sweden with those of Norway. 
With regard to the indications of the ancient races by their 
weapons, &c., some noticeable papers were contributed. Mr. J. 
W. Flower described a Kjékken-médding, which he had discovered 
in the island of Herm, opposite to Guernsey. The shell mound 
contained bones, &c., and some curious fragments of pottery used 
for grinding. Sir Edward Belcher exhibited some very curious 
stone implements belonging to the Esquimaux, which tended to 
