588 Chronicles of Science. [ Oct., 
eminent men seems to be merely the difference in the meaning 
which they habitually attach to the expression “ form of the ground.” 
My. Geikie’s paper “On Traces of Permian Volcanoes in Scotland ” 
will be read with interest by those who remember his article in the 
last number of this Journal, and students of fossil botany will be 
pleased with the admirable paper “On Araucarian Cones” by Mr. 
Carruthers. 
The July number opens with a description of an ancient coast- 
line in North Wales from the pen of a lady-geologist—Miss Eyton. 
It also contain’s Mr. Scrope’s second paper, in which he shows that 
Mr. Mackintosh had mistaken the terraces (called linchets or 
balks) worn out of the chalk and oolite hill-sides for sea-beaches ! 
Mr. Scrope says of this notion, “I venture to say that a more 
preposterous idea has seldom been started for the confusion of 
geologists.” But we think it will confuse very few, especially after 
Mr. Scrope’s able description of the manner in which the lnchets 
really are formed ; and the test of their composition, which everyone 
may apply for himself. If they were sea-beaches they would be 
composed of sand and shingle; but in reality they consist of 
“wash” from the beds above. The other articles in this number 
are “On some Sarsens found in the Gravel near Southampton,” by 
Lieut.-Col. W. T. Nicholls; “On some Polyzoa from the London 
Clay at Highgate,” by Mr. G. Busk; and “On the Rock of the 
Cambridge Greensand,” by Mr. Harry Seeley. Those interested in 
the “ Denudation” question will find Mr. Jukes’s letter, to which we 
have already referred, well worthy of a careful perusal. 
The August number contains the first portion of a translation 
of Dr. Lindstrém’s important memoir on operculated corals; but 
we shall reserve our remarks upon it until after the whole has been 
published, merely observing that the editor has conferred a real 
boon on paleontologists ignorant of Swedish. In a paper “ On the 
Structure of Valleys in Essex,” Mr. Searles Wood, jun., endeavours 
to prove that the valleys of the Blackwater and the Crouch haye 
been formed by flexures produced from lateral pressure exerted 
from a centre or focus of earthquake disturbance under the 
Boulder-clay sea, “ which flexures, by imparting direction to the 
denudation, had become deepened and strongly marked by the 
action of denudation proportionately to the extent to which they 
had undergone that process.” The succeeding changes were of a 
somewhat complicated character, which it is necessary to read the 
aper to understand. In a short note “On the Disintegration of a 
Chalk Cliff,” the Rev. Osmond Fisher most ingeniously shows that 
the profile of the solid chalk behind the talus formed by the disin- 
tegration of the upper portion of the cliff would be that of a 
semi-parabola, whose vertex is at the base of the original cliff. 
This number of the Magazine also contains two other papers on 
