316 H. M. WOODCOCK. 



or support (reticulum ?) for the general chromatin, which is 

 not the case with the kiuetouucleus in a Trypanosome. In 

 this connection we may refer to the nuclear structure of a 

 microgamete of Trypanomorplia (see above, p. 197) where 

 the trophonucleus is also greatly elongated, the chromosomes 

 being similarly suspended on an axial thread. But the 

 kinetonuclear elements are quite distinct and compactly 

 arranged. Up till now no sign of such a kinetonuclear 

 body has been observed in a true Spirochasta (cf. on the 

 other hand, Spironema, below). 



To sum up, we may, it seems to the writer, agree with 

 Schaudinn (1) that the organisms exemplified by Spiro- 

 ch^ta plicatilis are to be widely separated fi'om Try- 

 panosoma ziemanni (and equally, of course, from other 

 Trypanosomes), with which they have, at most, only a very 

 remote phylogenetic connection; and (2) that, at any rate, 

 certain other spirilliform parasites, e.g. S. refringens (fig. 

 64 b) and S. (" T.^') balbianii, agree fundamentally in struc- 

 ture with S. plicatilis, the type species. Where, exactly, 

 among micro-organisms Spirochteta is to be placed, e. g. 

 how close to, or distant from, Spirillum, need not be dis- 

 cussed here ; it is sufiicient to say that the available evidence 

 appears to be against this form having anything to do with 

 the parasitic Flagellates. 



(c) Spironema pallidum, Schaudinn = Trypanosoma 

 luis, Krzysztalowicz and Siedlecki. 



In the spring of last year Schaudinn and Hoffmann pub- 

 lished a note (150) on the discovery by the former of spirilli- 

 form organisms, greatly resembling Spirocht\3ta3, in 

 syphilitic lesions. Two principal kinds of parasite are 

 distinguished. One, which Schaudinn called Spirochgeta 

 refringens, is strongly refractive in life, and of a somewhat 

 coarse or rough appearance ; the other, named by him S. 

 pallida, is extremely delicate and very feebly refractive. 



