Latcham.—ANCIENT CHILIAN SKULLS 209 
wa DDD PIS L DDD 
The occipital bone is small but prominent and very massive at 
the inion; the thickness at this point being 13mm. The asterio- 
rions are well inside the occipital plane, both the mastoids and 
the squamae being visible in norma occipitalis. 
The left facial portion of the skull has been burnt; the zygoma 
and coronoid being completely carbonized. 
The frontal is deeply scarred on both sides’ but whether this is 
the result of wounds. or a pathological condition, I have not been 
able to decide. The sears of which there are varions, are from 2 
to 6 centimetres long and about Imm in depth; one of them is 
bifurcated. Possibly they may only indicate a constricted supe- 
rorbital nervons system, such as oscurs in some south African 
races; but similar cases have not before come under my notice 
in South American crania. 
Skull €. 
The most conspicuons feature of this skull is its diminutive 
size. Its capacity is only 1080 ec. c. (measured approximately 
with N.° 8 shot.) I say approximately as the whole left temporal 
bone is wanting, and to measure the cubic contents I had to 
subititute one of wax, 
In general appearance this skull resembles A., the flatness of 
the face being due to the same reasons; that is the continuity of 
the nasofrontal line; the fulness of the maxillaries and the 
prominence of the canine alveolars, thus flattening the whole 
anterior part of the alveolar process. The face does not look as 
broad as it otherwise would, owing to the want of the left 
zygoma; the right being very salient. Its general conditions are: 
slightly microseme, leptorhine, very platyopic, and leptoprosopic 
The forehead is narrow and low, receding abruptly from the 
metopic point, but is full in the spheno-frontal region as in A. 
The infra—orbital suture is plainly marked in this and in other 
skulls of the series. 
The orbits are rectangular, and here again as in BB the double 
supra-orbital notch is seen. The bones of the nose are straight 
and narrow, and the sub-—nasal portion of the face extremely 
short and prognathous. 
Seen from above the skull is elliptic, and phaenozygous in a 
high degree; the sutures open and simple. 
This skull like B is scored in the frontal region, but it is 
difficult to say whether this is accidental or pathological. 
In norma lateralis it presents some features worthy of note. 
