. TUB RED EYED COWBIED. 445 



Hooded Oriole to set on an egg of CaUotlinis rohusius whicli was on the point ot 

 hatching- Avhen found. How its own disappeared I can not say. Once two eggs 

 of Cdllothrns rohiistas were found in a nest of the small Orchard Oriole (var. 

 affinis). Twice I have seen a Ijroken egg- of Callothrus robust as under nests of 

 IJullnok's Oriole on which tlie owner was sitting. 



"EarK in June a nest of the Hooded Oriole was found, with four eo-ons, and 

 one of Calloflirus rohiistus, all of which I removed, leaving the nest. Happening 

 to pass by it a few days later, I looked in, and to my surprise found two eggs 

 of rohustas, which were broken. These were so unlike that they were probably 

 laid by different birds. Still another egg, and the last, was laid in the same 

 nest within ten days. But the most remarkable instance was a nest of the small 

 Orchard Oriole found June 20, containing three eggs of CaJlothrus rohusUis, while 

 just beneath it was a whole egg- of this parasite; also a broken one of this and 

 the Dwarf Cowbirds Molothrus obscurus. Two of the eg-g's in the nest were 

 rotten. The third, strange to say, contained a living embryo. As the nast was 

 certainly deserted, I can only account for this by supposing that the two rotten 

 ones were laid al^out the lirst week of June, when there was considerable rain, 

 aiul that the other was deposited soon after, since which time the weather had 

 been clear and \-ery hot. On one occasion I found a female Callothrus robustus 

 suspended from a nest of the Bullock's Oriole by a stout thread around its neck. 

 The nest contained one young of this Cowl)inl, and it is prol)able that its parent, 

 after depositing the egg, became entangled in the thread on hurriedly leaving 

 the nest, and there died. It had apparently been dead about two weeks. This 

 case supports the view that the eggs or young of the owner are thrown out by 

 the young parasite and not removed by its parent, though I could find no trace 

 of them beneath the nest." 



Among the species imposed on by the Red-eyed Cowbird are the following: 



MilvulusforficatHs, Scissor- tailed Flycatcher. 

 Icterus auduboni, Audubon's Oriole. 

 Icterus cucuUatiis, Hooded Oriole. 

 Icterus spurius, Orchard Oriole. 

 Icterus bullocki, Bullock's Oriole. 



CardiiKtlis cardinalis canicaadus, Gray-tailed 



Cardinal. 

 Guiraca cccrulea curhynclia, Western Blue 



Grosbeak. 

 Icterus virens longicauda, Long-tailed Ghat. 



Other species will undoubtedly have to be added to this list. 



The Orioles appear to be the special victims of the Red-eyed Cowbird, and 

 among these Audubon's seams to be the worst sufferer. In nine sets of this 

 species in the United States National Museum collection there are only two 

 which contain the normal number of eggs, four. In each of the other seven 

 there are from one to three of those parasitic eggs, with one or two of their 

 o\\ uers', and usually some of these are punctured. In none of these nests were 

 eggs of the Dwarf Cowbird found in addition to those of the CaJlothrus robustus. 

 The former appears to deposit its eggs in nests of the smaller Orioles onl3^ 



The eggs of the Red-eyed Cowbird are rather glossy; the shell is finely 

 granulated and strong. Their shape varies from ovate to short and rounded 



