46 Diseases of Poultry 



Above and behind the ovary and oviduct Hes the left 

 kidney (19), a dark red body closely attached to the dorsal 

 body wall. It and its fellow on the opposite side, the right 

 kidney, consist of three well marked lobes, an anterior, 

 a middle and a posterior. These lobes are embedded in the 

 cavities which are made by the pelvis and sacrum. From 

 each kidney a tube, the ureter (2), leads back to the cloaca 

 and through this tube the waste products discharged by the 

 kidney are carried to the outside of the body. 



The above account covers the chief visceral organs. 

 Any one wishing to go further into the study of the anatomy 

 of the domestic fowl will do well to consult the larger hand- 

 books of vertebrate comparative anatomy. 



DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING A POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION 



The poultryman about to undertake making autopsies 

 on his birds should provide himself at the outstart with 

 certain necessary articles. These should include as essen- 

 tial requisites, first, a good sharp knife wdth a pointed blade ; 

 second, a pair of bone forceps or else a pair of very heavy 

 shears with short blades ; third, a pair of medium size dis- 

 secting scissors, and, finally, a wooden table or dissecting 

 board on which to w^ork. 



In making the post-mortem the dead bird should be 

 laid with the breast uppermost on the table or dissecting 

 board. The wings and legs should be spread out. A con- 

 venient way in which to hold the bird is to drive a small 

 shingle nail through the tip of each wing and each foot, thus 

 holding the body in the desired position. Then with a 

 sharp knife an incision should be made through the skin 

 in the general form of the letter U. The ends of the limbs 

 of the U should be just behind the shoulder joints. The 

 low^er dip of the U should be just in front of the anus. It 



