Fowl Cholera, Foivl Typhoid and Fowl Plague 111 



Fowl Typhoid 



In 1895 Moore ^ described a disease of fowls caused by an 

 organism which he named Bacterium sanguinarium. He 

 called the disease infectious leukaemia owing to the fact 

 that it is accompanied by a marked increase in the number 

 of white blood corpuscles. This disease is discussed in detail 

 in Chapter XII. 



At the time of his original description of this disease Moore 

 pointed out that it w^as frequently mistaken for fowl cholera, 

 but he called attention to a number of specific differences 

 (see p. 188). He also says that the organism causing this 

 disease closely resembles in its physiological properties Bacil- 

 lus typhosis, the cause of human typhoid. In more recent 

 literature this disease has frequently been called fowl ty- 

 phoid. Smith and Ten Broeck ^ have pointed out that this 

 organism has many diagnostic features in common with the 

 human typhoid bacillus. Even in its agglutination reactions 

 it closely resembles the typhoid organism. The fowl or- 

 ganism differs from the human, however, in being non-motile. 



In spite of the marked resemblance the two organisms are 

 apparently distinct. Mitchell and Bloomer ^ state that the 

 chicken is highly resistant to the human typhoid organism. 

 In the experiments reported the chickens failed either to 

 contract the disease or to act as a carrier. The experiments 

 involved both feeding the organism and injecting it intrave- 



1 Moore V. A., "Infectious Leukaemia in Fowls — a Bacterial 

 Disease Frequently Mistaken for Fowl Cholera." U. S. Dept. 

 of Agr. Bur. of An. Ind. Repts., 1895 and 1896, pp. 185-205. 



2 Smith, T., and Ten Broeck, C, "Agglutination Affinities of a 

 Pathogenic Bacillus from Fowls (fowl typhoid) Bacterium sanguina- 

 rium Moore) with the Typhoid Bacillus of Man." Jour, of Medi- 

 cal Research, Vol. 31, pp. 503-521, 1915. 



3 Mitchell, O. W. H., and Bloomer, G. T., "Experimental Study 

 of the Chicken as a Possible Typhoid Carrier." Jour, of Medical 

 Research, Vol. 31, pp. 247-250, 1914. 



