— 24 — 



112. Tree Pipit. Anthus trivialis trivialis (Linnaeus). 



Anthus plumatus. Shelley, p. 130. 



Not uncommon during both migrations. 



Slightly larger than the red-throated pipit, greener above. 

 Under parts yellowish buff, streaked with black on breast ; 

 belly white ; rump unspotted olive broivn. Hind claw shorter 

 than in the meadow, red-throated, and water pipits. White 

 on outer pairs of tail feathers. 



This pipit is much less obtrusive in its actions than any 

 other pipit met with in Egypt. 



113. Tawny Pipit. Anthus campestris campestris (Linnaeus). 



Plate 26, fig. 9. 

 Anthus campestris. Shelley, p. 134. 

 A very common visitor in autumn and spring. In September 

 and October individuals are met with which have not yet com- 

 pleted the moult from nestling plumage. 



Length about 6| inches. Clay brown above, huffish yellow 

 below. Younger birds have black streaks on upper breast. 

 Dull white on outer tail feathers. Sexes alike. 



114. Russet Pipit. Anthus rufulus Vieillot. 



Anthus raalteni. Shelley, p. 133. 



Probably not very rare and confused with the tawny pipit. 

 We have three examples in the Giza Museum. 



Length about 6 inches. Somewhat like the preceding, 

 but browner above and more spotted on the throat. 



115. Richard's Pipit. Anthus richardi richardi Vieillot. 



Not mentioned by Shelley. 



This large pipit (with its loud call note and very large feet) 

 is a winter visitor to Egypt. Some arrive as early as October. 



Largest of all pipits ; feet very large. Sandy olive above, 

 marked with black ; chest clay coloured with blackish streaks ; 

 belly whitish. White on outer tail feathers. 



116. Egyptian Water Pipit. Anthus spinoletta coutellii Savigny. 



Plate 26, fig. 10. 



Anthus spinolettus. Shelley, p. 132. 

 Common throughout the winter months, though some re- 

 main until April. Found only in wet or marshy localities. 



