Onthophagus | LAMELLIOURNIA. | 13 
tinct, and often almost wanting, so that the elytra appear unicolorous ; 
head rather long with strong raised margin; antenne reddish with 
blackish club ; thorax rounded at base and sides, slightly sinuate before 
anterior angles which are strongly projecting, very thickly and asperately 
punctured ; elytra with very shallow strie, which are obsoletely punc- 
tured, interstices broad sparingly and rather distinctly punctured ; legs 
black with tarsi somewhat ferruginous, posterior tibie with apical 
sete unequal. L. 43-635 mm, 
Male with the head sparingly punctured, and the vertex raised into a 
plate at back, terminating in a more or less curved horn; thorax 
reflexed in front, simple. 
Female with the head more closely punctured and furnished with two 
transverse keels, the one at back of vertex being rather strongly raised ; 
thorax reflexed, slightly projecting in middle of apical margin. 
In dung; generally distributed and common in the London district, and the 
greater part of the south of England, but much less common further north, and not 
apparently recorded from the northern counties or from Scotland; Swansea; Bath ; 
Needwood Forest ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent. 
O. vacea, L. Head and thorax dark bronze-green or coppery, 
rather dull, elytra testaceous or reddish-testaceous with distinct irre- 
gular dark-green markings, which in an ordinary light often appear 
almost black; head rather large, strongly margined, varying in the 
sexes; antenne red with blackish club; thorax finely and rather 
thickly granulate, a character which is usually g given as distinguishing 
the species, but is unsatisfactory, as the punctures on the thorax of the 
allied species are asperate, and give the upper surface a granulate 
appearance ; the base and sides are rounded, and the latter are not 
sinuate before the anterior angles which are obtuse ; elytra with shallow 
and very obsoletely punctured striz, interstices finely granulate in 
irregular rows ; legs black, tarsi dark ferruginous ; the species is vari- 
able in size, but on the average is larger than any other of our British 
species. L. 7-10 mm. 
Male with the head elliptical in front, with the vertex extended into 
a sloping plate, dentate on each side, and terminating in an erect spini- 
form horn; thorax reflexed in front, sinuate in middle of apical 
margin. 
Female with the head round in front, and furnished with two trans- 
verse keels, the hinder of which is more elevated and more or less 
distinctly raised into a short horn at each side ; thorax reflexed in front, 
with a slight prominence in middle of apical margin which is more or 
less distinctly bituberculate. 
In some small males the plate ou vertex is small and terminates in an 
abbreviated horn, and the thorax is shaped as in the female. 
In dung ; local; generally distributed and common in the London district, Kent, 
Surrey, and the greater part of the south of England; Brent Knoll, Somerset, in 
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