42 LAMELLICORNIA. [ Geotrupes 
i. Form oblong oval; striae on elytra stronger; elytra 
without distinct cross striation ; size larger. 
1. Elytra with seven striz on each between suture 
and humeral prominence. 
A. Abdomen longitudinally smooth in middle, 
neither punctured nor pubescent . . . . . . G.SPINIGER, Marsh. 
(stercorarius, Er.) 
B. Abdomen entirely (even in the middle) punc- 
tured and pubescent. . ... =: . . =. +. G. STERCORARIUS, L. 
(putridarius, Er.) 
2. Elytra with nine striae on each between suture and 
humeral prominence. . . : . G.murator, Marsh. 
iis Form short oval, subhemispherical ; F ‘strie of elytra 
feebler ; elytra with more or less distines cross 
striation, which is sometimes almost obsolete; size 
smaller. 
1. Upper surface with sculpture more distinct ; thorax 
sparingly punctured . . : . G, syLvaticus, Punz. 
2. Upper surface with sculpture less distinct, as a rule 
very shiny. 
A. Thorax closely punctured throughout. . . . G. VERNALIS, L. 
B. Thorax almost impunctate on disc, plainly 
punctured at sides. .. . . =... =. - . G. PYRENEUS, Charp. 
G. Typhoeus, L. (s.g. Typheus, Leach; Minotaurus Typheus, 
Muls.), Black, shining, rather depressed, with the under-side and legs 
clothed with blackish hairs; antenne black with club lighter ; man- 
dibles rounded at sides, emarginate externally before apex and pointed ; 
head diamond-shaped in front with a strong raised margin, and a more 
or less defined longitudinal keel, sparingly punctured in male, rugose in 
female ; thorax short, as broad as elytra, with the sides rounded ; elytra 
with strong strie which are feebly punctured at their base, and become 
finer towards sides and obsolete at apex; legs black. L. 11-18 mm. 
Male with the thorax armed in front with three horns, of which the 
outer two reach as far as the front of the head, and are somewhat curved, 
and the intermediate one is much shorter and acuminate. 
Female with the thorax much more strongly punctured at sides than 
in male, with two tubercles and a raised transverse ridge on its anterior 
margin. 
In some males the horns are much abbreviated. 
Sandy places, under cow-dung ; somewhat local, but generally distributed from the 
midland districts southwards; rarer further north ; Liverpool district, rare, one 
dead specimen found at Stourton (Gardner) ; Dunham Park, Manchester ; ; not 
recorded from the extreme northern counties of England, or from Scotland ; Ireland, 
near Dublin, Belfast, &e. 
G. spiniger, Marsh. (stercorarius, Er., nec L. ; mesoleius, Thoms. ; 
puncticollis, Malin.). Oval, convex, black, not very shining, upper. 
surface without pubescence, under- side of a deep shining violet- blue 
colour, sometimes greenish or coppery, clothed with shaggy pubescence 
and punctured, with a smooth longitudinal space in centre, which is 
neither punctured nor pubescent ; head triangular, rugose, with a raised 
