Scarabeide. | LAMELLICORNIA. 9 
I. Abdominal spiracles situated in the membrane 
connecting the dorsal and ventral corneous 
plates, the last one covered by the elytra. a 
always separate fromthe mentum . . . ScaraBEIDH® LAPAROSTIOTI. 
II. Abdominal spiracles in part situated on the 
superior portions of the ventral segments, the last 
one usually visible behind the elytra; the rows of 
spiracles feebly diverging. Ligula sometimes free, 
usually connate with the mentum. . . . SCARABEIDE MELOLONTHINI. 
III, Abdominal spiracles (except the anterior ones) 
situated in the dorsal portion of the last ventral 
segments, forming rows which diverge strongly ; 
last one or two spiracles usually visible behind the 
elytra. Ligula always connate with the mentum, ScARABHIDH PLEUROSTIOTI. 
SCARABAIDZ LAPAROSTICTI. 
The British species belonging to this division may be separated into 
the following tribes :— 
I. aves with six visible ventral segments. 
. Intermediate coxe longitudinal, va widely distant ; scutellum 
hidden or almost hidden . . . COoOpRINA. 
ii. Intermediate cox oblique, not or scarcely distant; ‘scutellum 
distinct, sometimes very large. 
1. Antenne with nine joints; epimera of metasternum covered APHODIINA. 
2. Antenne with eleven joints; epimera of metasternum free 
atapex . . a) ee 2 os es eC EOTRUPENA. 
JI. Abdomen with five visible ventral segments sla SB be ate UROre INE, 
COPRINA. 
The species belonging to this tribe are round or oval, and often very 
convex ; they are very easily known by their linear and longitudinal 
intermediate coxze, which are very widely separated, and by having the 
scutellum hidden or almost hidden ; the clypeus is large and entirely 
covers the mouth organs ; in some genera organs of stridulation are found 
in both sexes; the species live almost entirely in dung; it is to this 
tribe that the Egyptian Scarabei or “sacred beetles” belong; ten 
genera, containing seventy species, are found in Europe, of which only 
two genera, containing eight species, occur in Britain; these may be 
distinguished as follows :— 
I. Upper surface a convex ; third joint of labial palpi 
distinct , See ee eC OPRIS;§Gcoy- 
II. Upper surface “depressed ; “third joint of labial palpi 
very small, obsolete . . decite pet seat aes. ONTHORNNGUS Late 
COPRIS, Geoffroy. 
This genus contains more than fifty species, which are widely dis- 
tributed, but are chiefly found in hot and tropical countries ; only two 
occur in Europe, of which one is found in Britain; it is the nearest 
relation of the true Scarabei of hot climates that we possess ; the genus 
differs from Onthophagus by its convex and more oblong form, emarginate 
clypeus, and proportionally much shorter thorax; the species burrow 
