= HETEROMERA. [ Tenebrionide. 
satisfactory. The following are the chief characteristics of the family :— 
Form very variable ; antenne generally inserted under the sides of the 
head or at least under a small frontal ridge, thickened towards apex or 
slightly serrate, usually 11l-jointed ; maxille with two lobes, palpi 
4-jointed, mandibles short and robust, furnished with a basal tooth, 
entire or emarginate at tip; elytra usually covering abdomen ; abdomen 
with five ventral segments, of which the first three are more or less 
closely connected ; anterior coxal cavities closed behind ; anterior coxe 
globose, rarely oval, not prominent ; legs variable. 
The larve of the Tenebrionide are elongate and cylindrical, and usually somewhat 
depressed; they bear anexceedingly strong resemblance to the larve of Agriotes, &e., 
among the Elateride, the well-known “ wire-worms;” in fact the chief visible 
differences consist in the non-connate clypeus and large and plainly visible labrum, 
and also in the formation of the anal segment, which varies very much and is often 
very peculiar in the Elaterids, but in the Tenebrionidz is short and usually simple, 
‘often pointed, and terminates in two short warty prominences which are used for 
locomotion ; the antenne and legs are short, and the segments, except very rarely, 
are of almost the same breadth throughout until the anal segment ; the prothorax is 
often longer and the meso- and metathorax shorter than the abdominal segments ; in 
both the larval and the perfect state the members of the family live on vegetable 
matter in various conditions, and certain species, notably the typical Tenebrio 
molitor, occasionally do great damage in granaries and meal-stores. 
I. Front entirely corneous. 
i. First joint of posterior tarsi short, not, or scarcely, longer 
than second; genz sulcate« . 4°. 6 «© « <= « « DBOLITOPHAGINA. 
ii. First joint of posterior tarsi moderate or elongate, longer 
than second ;* genze not sulcate, 
1. Tarsi spinose or setose beneath. 
A. Anterior tibiz not, or scarcely, dilated; apex of 
clypeus entire. 
a. Hind coxa transverse, widely separated ; femora 
Cloncateyses Ha kel ye) Se ete meer ya te oy eee SAP TING, 
b. Hind coxe oblique, not widely separated ; femora 
not elongate -.+ 2 -e e+e 0+= +s ss “0 *« © *. *CRYPTICINA. 
B. At least anterior tibie dilated. 
a. Apex of clypeus emarginate. . . . . « » + OPATRINA. 
b. Apex of clypeus:entire 2 5. ss ss vis TRACHYSCELINA. 
2. Tarsi (at all events the anterior pair in male) pubescent 
beneath. 
A. Eyes more prominent than sides of front . . . . DIAPERINA. 
B. Eyes less prominent than sides of front. 
a. Anterior cox rounded ; intermediate coxee with 
trochantin ; third joint of antennzo long. 
a*, Clypeus not or only slightly emarginate ; all 
the tarsi pubescent beneath . . . . . . . ‘TENEBRIONINA. 
b*. Clypeus deeply emarginate; anterior tarsi of 
male pubescent beneath. . . . - « « + . PEDININA. 
b. Anterior coxz subtransverse ; intermediate coxze 
without trochantin; third joint of antenne short ULOMINA. 
II. Front separated from clypeus by a distinct coriaceous band HELOPINA. 
* In the genus Diaperis the first joint of the posterior tarsi is only a little longer than 
the second ; it may therefore, perhaps, be considered an exception, although the first 
joint is plainly longer in proportion than in the Bolitophagina, 
